Tranexamic acid for postpartum hemorrhage prevention in vaginal delivery: A meta-analysis.

Background: Tranexamic acid (TA) has been demonstrated to reduce blood loss and the incidences of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during caesarean sections. We compared the clinical efficacy of TA administration on vaginal deliveries with recently published papers.

Methods: Electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Chinese CNKI (Chinese database) and Wanfang were searched through November 2019.

[Design of UV annular imaging system for atmospheric limb detection].

In order to meet the requirements of imaging the surrounding 360 degree scene at one time without rotating the optical system and satisfy the UV limb detecting, a panoramic imaging system was presented for atmospheric UV limb detection. First, considering the special working band and innovative application and proceeding from the basic principle of traditional panoramic annular lens, the curvature radius of four spherical surfaces was adjusted, combined with the detector size so that can get the best MTF. Then, based on the aberration theory, the relay lens system was designed to make up the aberration produced by panoramic annular lens.

The BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway is involved in heat hyperalgesia mediated by Cdk5 in rats.

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been shown to play an important role in mediating inflammation-induced heat hyperalgesia. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether roscovitine, an inhibitor of Cdk5, could reverse the heat hyperalgesia induced by peripheral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in rats.

Inhibition of aberrant cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity attenuates isoflurane neurotoxicity in the developing brain.

Aberrant CDK5 activity is implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Isoflurane exposure leads to neuronal apoptosis, and subsequent learning and memory defects in the developing brain. The present study was designed to examine whether and how CDK5 activity plays a role in developmental isoflurane neurotoxicity.

[Optimum design of imaging spectrometer based on toroidal uniform-line-spaced (TULS) spectrometer].

Based on the geometrical aberration theory, a optimum-design method for designing an imaging spectrometer based on toroidal uniform grating spectrometer is proposed. To obtain the best optical parameters, twice optimization is carried out using genetic algorithm(GA) and optical design software ZEMAX A far-ultraviolet(FUV) imaging spectrometer is designed using this method. The working waveband is 110-180 nm, the slit size is 50 microm x 5 mm, and the numerical aperture is 0.

Increased synaptophysin is involved in inflammation-induced heat hyperalgesia mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in rats.

Mechanisms associated with cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-mediated heat hyperalgesia induced by inflammation remain undefined. This study was designed to examine whether Cdk5 mediates heat hyperalgesia resulting from peripheral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the spinal dorsal horns of rats by interacting with synaptophysin, a well known membrane protein mediating the endocytosis-exocytosis cycle of synaptic vesicles as a molecular marker associated with presynaptic vesicle membranes. The role of Cdk5 in mediating synaptophysin was examined through the combined use of behavioral approaches, imaging studies, and immunoprecipitation following CFA-induced inflammatory pain.

Post-training intra-basolateral amygdala infusions of norepinephrine block sevoflurane-induced impairment of memory consolidation and activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein expression inhibition in rat hippocampus.

Considerable evidence indicates that the noradrenergic system of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) participates in the consolidation of various types of emotionally arousing memories. We previously reported that administration of an anesthetic-dose of sevoflurane immediately after continuous multiple-trail inhibition avoidance (CMIA) training impaired memory consolidation. This experiment investigated whether posttraining noradrenergic activation of the BLA is sufficient to reverse the memory impairing effect of sevoflurane.

Sevoflurane impairs memory consolidation in rats, possibly through inhibiting phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in the hippocampus.

Sevoflurane administration impairs memory processes in both humans and animals. Increasing evidence suggests that enhancement of the phosphorylation state of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), as a result of acute administration of lithium chloride (LiCl), may enhance memory consolidation. The current experiments examined whether GSK-3β phosphorylation was involved in mediating the memory impairing effects of posttraining sevoflurane on inhibitory avoidance (IA) retention.

[Analysis and experimental validation of signal-to-noise for limb imaging spectrometer].

Limb imaging spectrometer is an important new remote sensor for research and application. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is one of the key parameters to quantitatively evaluate the image quality and radiometric performance of an imaging spectrometer. The estimation and testing of SNR are very important for developing an imaging spectrometer.

Bilateral inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor function within the basolateral amygdala blocked propofol-induced amnesia and activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein expression inhibition in the hippocampus.

Background: It has been reported that bilateral lesions of the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) blocked propofol-induced amnesia of inhibitory avoidance (IA) training. Based on these results, the authors hypothesized that the amnesia effect of propofol was partly due to its impairment of memory formation in the hippocampus through activating the BLA gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor function. The authors determined the changes in activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expression to be an indicator of IA memory formation.

Effects of ketamine, midazolam, thiopental, and propofol on brain ischemia injury in rat cerebral cortical slices.

Aim: To compare the effects of ketamine, midazolam, thiopental, and propofol on brain ischemia by the model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat cerebral cortical slices.

Methods: Cerebral cortical slices were incubated in 2 % 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution after OGD, the damages and effects of ketamine, midazolam, thiopental, and propofol were quantitatively evaluated by ELISA reader of absorbance (A) at 490 nm, which indicated the red formazan extracted from slices, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) releases in the incubated supernate were also measured.

Results: Progressive prolongation of OGD resulted in decreases of TTC staining.

[The influences of propofol on different kinds of brain injuries in rat brain slices].

Objective: To investigate the effects of propofol on the three kinds of brain injuries induced by metabolic disorder, neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acid, and oxygen-derived free radicals in rat cerebral cortical and hippocampal slices.

Methods: Slices of rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were made and incubated in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid (nACSF). Then the rat cerebral cortical and hippocampal slices were divided into 2 categories: propofol group, the slices in which were co-incubated with 5, 50, or 100 micro mol/L propofol for 3 hours, and 3 experimental injury groups.

[The role of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the mechanisms of general anesthesia].

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nnAChRs) are members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily, and widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems with many subunits. NnAChRs have been represented novel targets for a wide variety of therapeutic agents based on their complex functions. It is known that both central and peripheral nnAChRs are sensitive to various types of general anesthetics, among those, barbiturates, ketamine, volatile and gaseous anesthetics depress nnAChRs at or below clinical concentrations.