Synthesis and activity-detection of photoswitchable ligands with fipronil to insect.

Background: Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABAR) in an insect is the major inhibitory receptor and is one of the most important targets for insecticides. Due to the high spatiotemporal resolution of GABAR, the photopharmacological ligands acting on it in vertebrates but not insect have been developed.

Results: In this study, two types of photochromic ligands (PCLs) including DTFIPs (DTFIP1 and DTFIP2) and ABFIPs (p-, m-, and o-ABFIP) were synthesized by incorporating photoswitch azobenzene or dithienylethene into fipronil (FIP), which is the antagonist of insect GABAR.

Variations of drought and its trend in the Loess Plateau from 1986 to 2019.

As one of the extreme climatic events, the frequency and intensity of drought have great impacts on regional water resource. Water is a main limiting factor for plant growth in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to explore the spatiotemporal variations and future tendency of drought for the ecological environment in the Loess Plateau.