[1+5] Cyclization of Indoline-Derived Azadienes with 1,3,5-Triazinanes: An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Indoline-Spiro-Hexahydropyrimidines.

An unprecedented formal [1+5] cyclization of indoline-derived azadienes with 1,3,5-triazinanes has been realized, providing a facile access to biologically important indoline-spiro-hexahydropyrimidines with good to excellent yields (up to 99 % yield). Different from previous reports, this is the first study that indoline-derived azadienes could participate in cyclizations as one-atom synthons. This methodology is also distinguished by not involving any additive or catalyst, readily available starting materials, wide range of substrate applicability, operational simplicity and simultaneously reassembling two C-N and two C-C bonds in one-step reaction.

Direct Synthesis for Benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-Amines via One-Pot Cascade [4+2] Annulation/Aromatization between Benzofuran-Derived Azadienes and Carbodiimide Anions.

The chemoselective [4+2] annulation/aromatization reactions between benzofuran-derived azadienes and N-Ts cyanamides are developed, affording a convenient method for synthesizing benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-amines under mild conditions. Herein, N-Ts cyanamides participated in reactions selectively via carbodiimide anion intermediates and the corresponding cyanamide anion intermediates derived products were not observed. The proposed chemoselective stepwise reaction mechanism was well supported by DFT calculations.

Novelties on the genus (Ericaceae) from Hainan, China: a new species and a new record for the country.

Here we describe a new species, , and report a new record for the flora of China, , both from Hainan Province. also represents the first record of V.sect.

Regulation of Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes under high temperature stress.

The Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) consists of three critical processes, including fixation of CO by Rubisco, reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) to triose phosphate (triose-P) with NADPH and ATP generated by the light reactions, and regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) from triose-P. The activities of photosynthesis-related proteins, mainly from the CBC, were found more significantly affected and regulated in plants challenged with high temperature stress, including Rubisco, Rubisco activase (RCA) and the enzymes involved in RuBP regeneration, such as sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase). Over the past years, the regulatory mechanism of CBC, especially for redox-regulation, has attracted major interest, because balancing flux at the various enzymatic reactions and maintaining metabolite levels in a range are of critical importance for the optimal operation of CBC under high temperature stress, providing insights into the genetic manipulation of photosynthesis.

A second species of in China: the identity of the enigmatic species .

is a rare species endemic to Hainan, China, known just from two fruiting collections made in the 1930s. Although it was published under the name in 1976, it was suggested that it might be better placed within or . For decades, this species was never collected again, thus its true generic affinity remained unresolved due to the lack of flowers.

Nuclear-encoded synthesis of the D1 subunit of photosystem II increases photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield.

In photosynthetic organisms, the photosystem II (PSII) complex is the primary target of thermal damage. Plants have evolved a repair process to prevent the accumulation of damaged PSII. The repair of PSII largely involves de novo synthesis of proteins, particularly the D1 subunit protein encoded by the chloroplast gene psbA.

[Present situation and development strategy of Alpinia oxyphylla].

Alpinia oxyphylla is mainly produced in Hainan,and also one of the four famous traditional Chinese medicines in South China with increasing importance in traditional Chinese medicine industry. Field surveys and literatures show that A. oxyphylla has widely used as a medicinal and edible plant,it is an important raw material for many Chinese patent medicines,health products and food,with a long history of artificial cultivation and application.

SPL6 represses signalling outputs of ER stress in control of panicle cell death in rice.

Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is the most conserved transducer of the unfolded protein response that produces either adaptive or death signals depending on the amplitude and duration of its activation. Here, we report that SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 6 (SPL6)-deficient plants displayed hyperactivation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor IRE1, leading to cell death in rice panicles, indicating that SPL6 is an essential survival factor for the suppression of persistent or intense ER stress conditions. Importantly, knockdown of the hyperactivated mRNA level of IRE1 rescues panicle apical abortion in the spl6-1 transgenic plants harbouring the IRE1-RNAi constructs, establishing the genetic linkage between the hyperactivation of IRE1 and cell death in spl6-1.

Metabolic Reprogramming in Chloroplasts under Heat Stress in Plants.

Increases in ambient temperatures have been a severe threat to crop production in many countries around the world under climate change. Chloroplasts serve as metabolic centers and play a key role in physiological adaptive processes to heat stress. In addition to expressing heat shock proteins that protect proteins from heat-induced damage, metabolic reprogramming occurs during adaptive physiological processes in chloroplasts.

Putative zeatin O-glucosyltransferase OscZOG1 regulates root and shoot development and formation of agronomic traits in rice.

As a ubiquitous reaction, glucosylation controls the bioactivity of cytokinins in plant growth and development. Here we show that genetic manipulation of zeatin-O-glucosylation regulates the formation of important agronomic traits in rice by manipulating the expression of OscZOG1 gene, encoding a putative zeatin O-glucosyltransferase. We found that OscZOG1 was preferentially expressed in shoot and root meristematic tissues and nascent organs.