Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Carboetherification Reactions: Synthesis of Bis-Heterocycles Bearing Isoxazoline and Methyleneindole Motifs.

A novel and highly efficient Pd-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of bis-heterocycles featuring both isoxazoline and methyleneindole motifs is demonstrated. The in situ formation of vinyl Pd(II) species through an alkyne-tethered carbamoyl chloride cyclization is crucial, and the innovative Pd-catalyzed carboetherification of β,γ-unsaturated oximes with vinyl Pd(II) species has been developed. This method is not only operationally straightforward but also exhibits a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance.

BAMBI Is a Prognostic Biomarker Associated with Macrophage Polarization, Glycolysis, and Lipid Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Affected patients have poor prognoses due to high rates of post-surgical recurrence and metastasis. Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) reportedly contributes to the development and progression of various human cancers.

Polypyrrole-Derived Nitrogen-Doped Tubular Carbon Materials as a Promising Cathode for Aqueous Aluminum-Ion Batteries.

The advantages of aluminum-ion batteries in the area of power source systems are: inexpensive manufacture, high capacity, and absolute security. However, due to the limitations of cathode materials, the capacity and durability of aluminum-ion batteries ought to be further advanced. Herein, we synthesized a nitrogen-doped tubular carbon material as a potential cathode to achieve advanced aqueous aluminum-ion batteries.

Metformin activates the PI3K/AKT/BDNF axis to attenuate postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a prevalent neurocognitive complication of anesthesia and surgery. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, has neuroprotective properties and improves cognitive impairment and memory deficits. However, the mechanisms underlying its action in improving cognitive dysfunction after anesthesia and surgery remain unclear.

Prevalence and Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Females and Males in Zhejiang, China.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the infection rate, types of human papillomavirus (HPV), and the relationship between HPV types and host factors in Zhejiang and lay a foundation for developing a prophylactic HPV vaccine.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the genotyping results of 27 hPV types using exfoliated cells from the cervix, vulva, perianal region, or oral mucosa of 28206 females, and exfoliated cells from the penis, perianal region or oral mucosa of 2923 male patients undergoing treatment between January 2016 and December 2021 at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital was performed.

Results: In females, the overall positive rate was 30.

Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces cardiac inflammation against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting macrophage polarization.

Background: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is the main cause of death worldwide and poses a significant threat to cardiac health. Ginsenoside Rg1 has been shown to have inhibitory effects on inflammatory activation, oxidative stress, and cardiac injury, suggesting that Rg1 may have therapeutic effects on MI/R injury. However, the mechanism remains to be further studied.

Bridging Electrolyte Bulk and Interfacial Chemistry: Dynamic Protective Strategy Enable Ultra-Long Lifespan Aqueous Zinc Batteries.

The main bottleneck of rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) is their limited cycle lifespans stemming from the unhealthy electrolyte bulk and fragile interface, especially in the absence of dynamic protection mechanism between them. To overcome this limitation, benefitting from their synergistic physical and chemical properties, chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) are employed as superior colloid electrolyte to bridge electrolyte bulk and interfacial chemistry for ultra-long lifespan AZBs. This unique strategy not only enables continuous optimization of the electrolyte bulk and interfacial chemistry within the battery but also facilitates self-repairing of mechanical damage both internally and externally, thereby achieving comprehensive, persistent, and dynamic protection.

Remolding the tumor microenvironment by bacteria augments adoptive T cell therapy in advanced-stage solid tumors.

The intricate tumor microenvironment presents formidable obstacles to the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy in the management of solid tumors by limiting the infiltration and inducing exhaustion of the transferred T cells. Here, we developed a bacterial-based adjuvant approach that augments the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy for solid tumor treatment. Our study reveals that intratumor injection of E.

Dual-Phase Singularity at a Single Incident Angle with Spectral Tunability in Tamm Cavities.

The phase singularity, a sudden phase change occurring at the reflection zero is widely explored using various nanophotonic systems such as metamaterials and thin film cavities. Typically, these systems exhibit a single reflection zero with a phase singularity at a specific incident angle, particularly at larger angles of incidence (>50 degrees). However, achieving multiple phase singularities at a single incident angle remains a formidable challenge.

Fabrication of broadband HgCdTe photodetectors with biomimetic insect corneal arrays.

Broadband photodetectors are of great significance in a wide variety of technologically important areas. Inspired by bionics, insect cornea-mimicking microstructures could reduce surface reflection, thus enabling broadband detection. Here, we fabricate a broadband large-area (1280 × 1024) HgCdTe focal plane array photodetector based on biomimetic ZnS microarrays, which achieves high external quantum efficiency (> 60%, averaging 79%) across the broad wavelength range of 400 nm - 5000 nm.

A deep learning model for prediction of autism status using whole-exome sequencing data.

Autism is a developmental disability. Research demonstrated that children with autism benefit from early diagnosis and early intervention. Genetic factors are considered major contributors to the development of autism.

Baricitinib inhibits the activation of innate immune cells and exerts therapeutic effects on acute peritonitis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Timely treatment of acute inflammatory diseases induced by bacteria or fungi is essential to prevent infectious damage. Baricitinib is an inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAKs) which was approved to treat rheumatoid arthritis, atoptic dermatitis, and alopecia areata. It is also known that JAKs play important roles in innate immunity and inflammatory response.

Corynebacterium parakroppenstedtii secretes a novel glycolipid to promote the development of granulomatous lobular mastitis.

Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a chronic idiopathic granulomatous mastitis of the mammary gland characterized by significant pain and a high propensity for recurrence, the incidence rate has gradually increased, and has become a serious breast disease that should not be ignored. GLM is highly suspected relative to microbial infections, especially those of Corynebacterium species; however, the mechanisms involved are unclear, and prevention and treatment are difficult. In this study, we demonstrated the pathogenicity of Corynebacterium parakroppenstedtii in GLM using Koch's postulates.

Hypoxia drives estrogen receptor β-mediated cell growth via transcription activation in non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Hypoxia conditions affect multiple cellular processes promoting the adaptation and progression of cancer cells via the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and subsequent transcription activation of their target genes. Preliminary studies have suggested that estrogen receptor β (ERβ) might play a promoting role in the progression of NSCLC.

Harnessing noncanonical trans-cleavage characteristics of Cas12 and Cas13a to enhance CRISPR-based diagnostics.

Cas12 and Cas13 are extensively utilized in molecular diagnostics for their trans-cleavage activities, yet their activation characteristics remain partially understood. Here, we conduct an in-depth investigation of Cas12a, Cas12f1, and Cas13a, uncovering the characteristics of their trans-DNase and trans-RNase activities with noncanonical activators. Our findings reveal that DNA can serve as a direct target for CRISPR-Cas13a, markedly increasing the detection sensitivity for single-base mismatches.

Advanced alginate-based nanofiber aerogels: A synthetic matrix for high-efficiency lysozyme adsorption and controlled release.

The development of materials with high lysozyme adsorption is critical for drug delivery and skin wound applications, as it enhances antibacterial properties, stability, and controlled release of therapeutic agents, thereby improving treatment efficacy and safety. Alginate-based nanofiber scaffolds, featuring high surface area and multiple adsorption sites, can efficiently absorb lysozyme and regulate its release through tunable pore channels, offering a promising approach to chronic wound management. In this study, we fabricated poly (vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (EVOH) nanofiber-based sodium alginate (ENSA) aerogels using a simple two-step crosslinking procedure.

Correction to: Empowerment-Led Guided Self-Help Intervention for Symptom Burden in Breast Cancer Women Treated With Ovarian Function Suppression: A Randomized Trial Protocol.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.14740/wjon1817.].

Personalized neoantigen cancer vaccines: current progression, challenges and a bright future.

Tumor neoantigens possess specific immunogenicity and personalized therapeutic vaccines based on neoantigens which have shown promising results in some clinical trials, with broad application prospects. However, the field is developing rapidly and there are currently few relevant review articles. Summarizing and analyzing the status of global personalized neoantigen vaccine clinical trials will provide important data for all stakeholders in drug development.

In situ formation of biomolecular condensates as intracellular drug reservoirs for augmenting chemotherapy.

Biomolecular condensates, which arise from liquid-liquid phase separation within cells, may provide a means of enriching and prolonging the retention of small-molecule drugs within cells. Here we report a method for the controlled in situ formation of biomolecular condensates as reservoirs for the enrichment and retention of chemotherapeutics in cancer cells, and show that the approach can be leveraged to enhance antitumour efficacies in mice with drug-resistant tumours. The method involves histones as positively charged proteins and doxorubicin-intercalated DNA strands bioorthogonally linked via a click-to-release reaction between trans-cyclooctene and tetrazine groups.

Development of Novel Fluorescent Probes for Specific Detection of Hypochlorous Acid.

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is widely used in everyday life for bleaching and disinfecting tap water, and also in human metabolism, where it plays an important role in destroying foreign bacterial invaders and pathogens as well as immune defense and cellular functioning maintenance. Abnormal levels of hypochlorous acid have the potential to cause joint inflammation, neuronal degeneration, and even life-threatening cancer. Specific identification and effective detection of hypochlorous acid are important for monitoring human health and the environment.

Immune landscape of oncohistone-mutant gliomas reveals diverse myeloid populations and tumor-promoting function.

Histone H3-mutant gliomas are deadly brain tumors characterized by a dysregulated epigenome and stalled differentiation. In contrast to the extensive datasets available on tumor cells, limited information exists on their tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly the immune infiltrate. Here, we characterize the immune TME of H3.

A novel super-enhancer-related risk model for predicting prognosis and guiding personalized treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Our research endeavored to develop a robust predictive signature grounded in super-enhancer-related genes (SERGs), with the dual objectives of forecasting survival outcomes and evaluating the tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: HCC RNA-sequencing data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and 365 patients were randomly assigned to training or testing sets in 1:1 ratio. SERGs of HCC were downloaded from Super-Enhancer Database (SEdb).