TangBi Formula for Painful Diabetic Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled and Parallel-Group Trial.

Objective: To determine whether the use of herbal medicines combined with conventional treatment is more effective than conventional medication alone in improving clinical symptoms in patients with diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN).

Methods: This multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial recruited patients from 6 clinical centers in mainland China. A total of 188 patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the treatment group (Tangbi Formula plus methylcobalamin) and the control group (placebo plus methylcobalamin).

Global, regional and national burdens of chronic kidney disease due to T1DM and T2DM among adolescents and young adults aged 10-35 years from 1990-2021: A trend analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.

Backgrounds: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication of diabetes, which is rising among adolescents and young adults worldwide, but data on the trends of these diseases are sparse. This study examined the burden of CKD due to type 1 diabetes (CKD-T1D) and type 2 diabetes (CKD-T2D) among those aged 10-35 from 1990 to 2021 on global, regional, and national levels.

Methods: Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, joinpoint regression analysis and decomposition analysis were employed to identify significant changes in CKD-T1D and CKD-T2D trends, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

Imaging dendrite growth in solid-state sodium batteries using fluorescence tomography technology.

Dendrite growth in solid-state sodium batteries (SSBs) is one of the most concerned issues that critically affect the battery efficiency and cycling performance. Here, by designing a fluorescent Eu-doped NaZrSiPO solid electrolyte (SE) to facilitate three-dimensional (3D) optical imaging on a confocal laser scanning microscopy, a fluorescence tomography (FT) method is developed for observing the sodium dendrite growth during charge/discharge cycles of the SSBs in a 3D view. It is quantitatively revealed that small-size sodium islands appear after several cycles, and with the cycles increasing, large-size dendrites in tens of micrometers gradually form until a critical sodium dendrite volume arrives where a short circuit or severe performance deterioration occurs.

Association of the triglyceride glucose index with acute renal failure in diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study based on participants from the MIMIC-iv database.

Background: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index serves as a dependable surrogate biomarker for evaluating insulin resistance. However, the role of the TyG index in patients with diabetes mellitus who also suffer from acute renal failure warrants further investigation. This study sought to investigate the association between the TyG index and the incidence of acute renal failure in individuals with diabetes.

Glycomol: A pervasive tool for structure predication of natural saponin products basing on MS data.

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Network analysis combined with experimental assessment to explore the therapeutic mechanisms of New Shenqi Pills formula targeting mitochondria on senile diabetes mellitus.

Background: The escalation of global population aging has accentuated the prominence of senile diabetes mellitus (SDM) as a consequential public health concern. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory cascades prevalent in individuals with senile diabetes significantly amplify disease progression and complication rates. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) emerges as a pivotal player in enhancing blood sugar homeostasis and retarding complication onset in the clinical management of senile diabetes.

The role and therapeutic potential of macrophages in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the critical role played by macrophages and their underlying mechanisms in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). It begins by discussing the origins and diverse subtypes of macrophages, elucidating their spatial distribution and modes of intercellular communication, thereby emphasizing their significance in the pathogenesis of DCM. The review then delves into the intricate relationship between macrophages and the onset of DCM, particularly focusing on the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms employed by macrophages in the context of DCM condition.

Exosomes regulate SIRT3-related autophagy by delivering miR-421 to regulate macrophage polarization and participate in OSA-related NAFLD.

Purpose: To analyze the role of and mechanism underlying obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-derived exosomes in inducing non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD).

Methods: The role of OSA-derived exosomes was analyzed in inducing hepatocyte fat accumulation in mice models both in vivo and in vitro.

Results: OSA-derived exosomes caused fat accumulation and macrophage activation in the liver tissue.

Adipocyte-derived exosomes from obstructive sleep apnoea rats aggravate MASLD by TCONS_00039830/miR-455-3p/Smad2 axis.

A correlation exists between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), OSA can induce more severe MASLD. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism between the two is unclear. To this end, this study explored the role and possible molecular mechanisms of adipocyte-derived exosomes under OSA in aggravating MASLD.

Enhancing β-cell function and identity in type 2 diabetes: The protective role of Coptis deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao via glucose metabolism modulation and AMPK signaling activation.

Background: Abnormalities in glucose metabolism may be the underlying cause of β-cell dysfunction and identity impairment resulting from high glucose exposure. In China, Coptis deltoidea C. Y.

Integrating PANoptosis insights to enhance breast cancer prognosis and therapeutic decision-making.

Background: Despite advancements, breast cancer outcomes remain stagnant, highlighting the need for precise biomarkers in precision medicine. Traditional TNM staging is insufficient for identifying patients who will respond well to treatment.

Methods: Our study involved over 6,900 breast cancer patients from 14 datasets, including in-house clinical data and single-cell data from 8 patients (37,451 cells).

Jinkui Shenqi pills ameliorate diabetes by regulating hypothalamic insulin resistance and POMC/AgRP expression and activity.

Background: Research on the imbalance of proopiomelanocortin (POMC)/agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons in the hypothalamus holds potential insights into the pathophysiology of diabetes. Jinkui Shenqi pills (JSP), a prevalent traditional Chinese medicine, regulate hypothalamic function and treat diabetes.

Purpose: To investigate the hypoglycemic effect of JSP and explore the probable mechanism in treating diabetes.

Mechanistic studies of HF/BF-catalyzed anthracene polymerization to prepare mesophase pitch.

Context: The mesophase pitch prepared by acid catalytic method typically had the advantages of low softening point and high solubility. To fully understand the mechanism of acid-catalyzed reactions and gain a deeper understanding of the microstructure of mesophase pitch, this article studied the mechanism of hydrofluoride/boron trifluoride (HF/BF)-catalyzed anthracene using molecular simulation methods. The results showed that there might be two types of carbocations present in the system: classical and non-classical carbocations, and five reactions might occur, protonation reaction, chain elongation reaction, intramolecular cyclization reaction, deprotonation reaction, and dehydrogenation reaction.

Piezoelectric Interlayer Enabling a Rechargeable Quasisolid-State Sodium Battery at 0 °C.

Solid-state sodium (Na) batteries (SSNBs) hold great promise but suffer from several major issues, such as high interfacial resistance at the solid electrolyte/electrode interface and Na metal dendrite growth. To address these issues, a piezoelectric interlayer design for an NaZrSiPO (NZSP) solid electrolyte is proposed herein. Two typical piezoelectric films, AlN and ZnO, coated onto NZSP function as interlayers designed to generate a local stress-induced field for alleviating interfacial charge aggregation coupling stress concentration and promoting uniform Na plating.

Targeting mitochondrial quality control for diabetic cardiomyopathy: Therapeutic potential of hypoglycemic drugs.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a chronic cardiovascular complication caused by diabetes that is characterized by changes in myocardial structure and function, ultimately leading to heart failure and even death. Mitochondria serve as the provider of energy to cardiomyocytes, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In response to a series of pathological changes caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, the mitochondrial quality control system is activated.

Efficacy and safety of Buyang Huanwu decoction for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and Metaanalysis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods: Eight electronic databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed, were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of BYHWD to treat DPN. We identified all RCTs related to BYHWD and those on the treatment of DPN with the combination of mecobalamin.

Application of noninvasive test (acoustic attenuation imaging and ultrasonic shear wave elastography) to grade nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An observational study.

The aim of this study was to validate the diagnostic efficacy of acoustic attenuation imaging (ATI) and ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE) in classifying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 100 patients with NAFLD were recruited from our hospital between January 2021 and December 2022. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected, and 2-dimensional ultrasound was used to screen patients based on liver echo characteristics.

Rechargeable Solid-State Na-Metal Battery Operating at -20 °C.

Achieving satisfactory performance for a solid-state Na-metal battery (SSNMB) with an inorganic solid electrolyte (SE), especially under freezing temperatures, poses a challenge for stabilizing a Na-metal anode. Herein, this challenge is addressed by utilizing a Natrium super ionic conductor (NASICON) NASICON-type solid electrolyte, enabling the operation of a rechargeable SSNMB over a wide temperature range from -20 to 45 °C. The interfacial resistance at the Na metal/SE interface is only 0.

Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: abnormal glucose metabolic regulation in the brain.

Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a complication and comorbidity of diabetes, supported by evidence of abnormal brain structure and function. Although few mechanistic metabolic studies have shown clear pathophysiological links between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction, there are several plausible ways in which this connection may occur. Since, brain functions require a constant supply of glucose as an energy source, the brain may be more susceptible to abnormalities in glucose metabolism.

Role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in mucins of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden, accounting for approximately 10% of all new cancer cases worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that the crosstalk between the host mucins and gut microbiota is associated with the occurrence and development of CRC. Mucins secreted by goblet cells not only protect the intestinal epithelium from microorganisms and invading pathogens but also provide a habitat for commensal bacteria.

Bioinformatic Analysis of the Potential Common Pathogenic Mechanisms for Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome.

The pathogeneses of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome are closely related; however, the underlying biological mechanisms are yet to be clarified. A psoriasis training set was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (|logFC|> 1 and adjust P < 0.05).

Biomimetic pheomelanin to unravel the electronic, molecular and supramolecular structure of the natural product.

Herein, we investigate synthetic routes to a close mimic of natural pheomelanin. Three different oxidative polymerization routes were attempted to generate synthetic pheomelanin, each giving rise to structurally dissimilar materials. Among them, the route employing 5-cysteinyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine (5-CD) as a monomer was verified as a close analogue of extracted pheomelanin from humans and birds.