A PARP1 PROTAC as a novel strategy against PARP inhibitor resistance via promotion of ferroptosis in p53-positive breast cancer.

Therapeutic targeting of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) with PARP inhibitors (PARPis) in patients with a homologous recombination (HR)- deficient phenotype based on the mechanism of synthetic lethality has been shown tremendous success in cancer therapy. With the clinical use of various PARPis, emerging evidence has shown that some PARPis offer hope for breakthroughs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapy, regardless of HR status. However, similar to other conventional cytotoxic drugs, PARPis are also subject to the intractable problem of drug resistance.

The Radiological Imaging Features of Easily Misdiagnosed Epithelioid Glioblastoma in Seven Patients.

Objective: We review the radiological imaging features and report histopathological findings of 7 adult patients with epithelioid glioblastoma (eGBM), which was a newly revised subtype of glioblastoma.

Methods: Seven adult patients with a diagnosis of eGBM on a brain tissue specimen were retrospectively confirmed by pathology. The tumor magnetic resonance imaging characteristics such as location, number, edema, necrosis, hemorrhage, enhancement, diffusion-weighted image, apparent diffusion coefficient, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamic susceptibility contrast-perfusion-weighted imaging, and histopathological findings were documented.

PA28β regulates cell invasion of gastric cancer via modulating the expression of chloride intracellular channel 1.

PA28β is a subunit of proteasome activator PA28. Previous study suggests that PA28β is involved in the invasiveness and metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma (GA), however, the mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we showed that invasive abilities of gastric cancer cells were enhanced when PA28β being down-regulated, and were inhibited when PA28β being overexpressed.

Notch-4 contributes to the metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

The Notch signaling pathway is important for cell-cell communication; it is involved in gene regulation mechanisms that control multiple cell differentiation processes during embryonic and adult life. Notch is present in all metazoans, and vertebrates possess four different Notch receptors: Notch-1, Notch-2, Notch-3, and Notch-4. The aim of the present study was to identify the role of Notch protein in the metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC).

PLC/CAMK IV-NF-kappaB involved in the receptor for advanced glycation end products mediated signaling pathway in human endothelial cells.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) play an important role in diabetic vascular complications. The current study demonstrated that AGEs significantly increased RAGE expression and the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived line ECV304 cells. RAGE antisense RNA partially inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 induced by AGEs.

Biological impacts of "hot-spot" mutations of hepatitis B virus X proteins are genotype B and C differentiated.

Aim: To investigate the biological impacts of "hot-spot" mutations on genotype B and C HBV X proteins (HBx).

Methods: Five types of "hot-spot" mutations of genotype B or C HBV X genes, which sequentially lead to the amino acid substitutions of HBx as I127T, F132Y, K130M+V131I, I127T+K130M+V131I, or K130M+V131I+F132Y, respectively, were generated by means of site-directed mutagenesis. To evaluate the anti-proliferative effects, HBx or related mutants' expression vectors were transfected separately to the Chang cells by lipofectamine, and the cells were cultured in hygromycin selective medium for 14 d, drug-resistant colonies were fixed with cold methanol, stained with Giemsa dyes and scored (increase of the colonies indicated the reduction of the anti-proliferation activity, and vice versa).

[X protein variations of genotype B and C hepatitis B virus isolated from the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma].

Background & Objective: X protein was one of the most important pathogens of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and was crucial in the carcinogenesis of HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It was demonstrated that the infection of genotype B or C HBV would result in different clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics in HCC patients, however, it was under elucidation whether these differences related to different genotypes of HBV X protein. This study was designed to investigate the amino acid differentiations of X proteins in standard genotype B or C HBV strains and the variations in HBV isolated from the HCC patients, and elucidate preliminarily the relationship between the genotype of HBV and carcinogenesis of HCC.

[Signaling role of exogenous arachidonic acid in the invasion of macrophages by Toxoplasma gondii].

Objective: To investigate the signaling role of arachidonic acid in the invasion of RAW264.7 macrophage by Toxoplasma gondii.

Methods: Rate of infection was calculated by both light microscope and flow cytometer.

Reflectins: the unusual proteins of squid reflective tissues.

A family of unusual proteins is deposited in flat, structural platelets in reflective tissues of the squid Euprymna scolopes. These proteins, which we have named reflectins, are encoded by at least six genes in three subfamilies and have no reported homologs outside of squids. Reflectins possess five repeating domains, which are highly conserved among members of the family.

[Cloning, expression and purification of the major surface antigen P30 of Toxoplasma gondii].

Objective: To obtain protein of the major surface antigen P30 of Toxoplasma gondii by molecular cloning.

Methods: The gene of P30 (containing the whole P30 gene sequence, without the gene encoding signal peptide) was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primer designed according to the DNA sequence of P30. The recombinant plasmid was constructed using EcoR I, Xho I and was then transformed into E.

[Expression and significance of nitric oxide synthase in human hepatocellular carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) mRNA in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cirrhotic liver and normal liver tissue.

Methods: cNOS mRNA expression in 80 HCC, 40 cirrhotic liver and 20 normal liver tissue were observed by in situ hybridization. CD34 immunostain was used to measure the microvascular density (MVD) and Ki-67 immunostain to proliferative index.

[Expression of 67kD laminin receptor in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells].

Background & Objective: Previous study of our laboratory showed that 67kD laminin receptor (67LR) from SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells had higher binding affinity with laminin than that from L-02 normal hepatic cells; however, the expression level of 67LR in HCC cells and normal hepatic cells was still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between laminin binding activity and the expression of mRNA and protein of 67kD laminin receptor in SMMC-7721,HepG2 HCC cells, and L-02 hepatic cells.

Methods: (1) The binding of laminin with three kinds of cells was quantified by (131)I-labeled laminin.

Decreased expression of ribosomal proteins in human age-related cataract.

Purpose: To identify lens epithelial genes with altered expression levels in age-related human cataract.

Methods: Epithelia from age-related cataracts and from normal lenses were microdissected and RNA was extracted. RNAs were compared for gene expression differences by RT-PCR differential display.