Targeted lipidomics-based study of radiation-induced metabolite profiles changes in plasma of total body irradiation cases.

Purpose: Lipidomics is an important tool for triaging exposed individuals, and helps early adoption of prevention and control strategies. The purpose of this study was to screen significantly perturbed lipids between pre- and post-irradiation of human plasma samples after total body irradiation (TBI) and explore potential radiation biomarkers for early radiation classification.

Methods: Plasma samples were collected before and after irradiation from 22 hospitalized cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) prepared for bone marrow transplantation.

Screening radiation-differentially expressed circular RNAs and establishing dose classification models in the human lymphoblastoid cell line AHH-1.

Purpose: In the event of a large-scale radiological accident, rapid and high-throughput biodosimetry is the most vital basis in medical resource allocation for the prompt treatment of victims. However, the current biodosimeter is yet to be rapid and high-throughput. Studies have shown that ionizing radiation modulates expressions of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in healthy human cell lines and tumor tissue.

Biodosimetry Based on Gamma-H2AX Quantification in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes after Partial-body Irradiation.

Quantification of gamma-H2AX foci can estimate exposure to ionizing radiation. Most nuclear and radiation accidents are partial-body irradiation, and the doses estimated using the total-body irradiation dose estimation formula are often lower than the actual dose. To evaluate the dose-response relation of gamma-H2AX foci in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after partial-body irradiation and establish a simple and high throughput model to estimate partial-body irradiation dose, we collected human peripheral blood and irradiated with 0-, 0.

Effects of cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C on radiation-induced transcriptional biomarkers in human lymphoblastoid cells.

Purpose: Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced transcriptional changes are considered a potential biodosimetry for dose evaluation and health risk monitoring of acute or chronic radiation exposure. It is crucial to understand the impact of confounding factors on the radiation-responsive gene expressions for accurate and reproducible dose assessment. This study aims to explore the potential influence of exposures to chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide (CP) and mitomycin C (MMC) on IR-induced transcriptional biomarkers.

Melatonin inhibits senescence-associated melanin pigmentation through the p53-TYR pathway in human primary melanocytes and the skin of C57BL/6 J mice after UVB irradiation.

UVB exposure accelerates skin aging and pigmentation. Melatonin effectively regulates tyrosinase (TYR) activity and aging. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between premature senescence and pigmentation, and the mechanism of melanin synthesis effected by melatonin.

CPT1 Mediated Ionizing Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury Proliferation via Shifting FAO Metabolism Pathway and Activating the ERK1/2 and JNK Pathway.

The intestinal compensatory proliferative potential is a key influencing factor for susceptibility to radiation-induced intestinal injury. Studies indicated that the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) mediated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) plays a crucial role in promoting the survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of 60Co gamma rays on CPT1 mediated FAO in the radiation-induced intestinal injury models, and investigate the role of CPT1 mediated FAO in the survival and proliferation of intestinal cells after irradiation.

CPT1 Mediated Ionizing Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury Proliferation via Shifting FAO Metabolism Pathway and Activating the ERK1/2 and JNK Pathway.

The intestinal compensatory proliferative potential is a key influencing factor for susceptibility to radiation-induced intestinal injury. Studies indicated that the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) mediated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) plays a crucial role in promoting the survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of 60Co gamma rays on CPT1 mediated FAO in the radiation-induced intestinal injury models, and investigate the role of CPT1 mediated FAO in the survival and proliferation of intestinal cells after irradiation.

Autophagy regulates X-ray radiation-induced premature senescence through STAT3-Beclin1-p62 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Purpose: Ionizing radiation (IR) can induce autophagy and premature senescence; however, the link between them has not been clarified. Our research has shown that X-ray irradiation induces premature senescence in lung adenocarcinoma cells, and its occurrence partially depends on the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). STAT3 can bind to the promoter region of Beclin1 and regulate its expression.

Logistic role of carnitine shuttle system on radiation-induced L-carnitine and acylcarnitines alteration.

Purpose: With the development of radiation metabolomics, a large number of radiation-related metabolic biomarkers have been identified and validated. The L-carnitine and acylcarnitines have the potential to be the new promising candidate indicators of radiation exposure. This review summarizes the effect of carnitine shuttle system on the profile of acylcarnitines and correlates the radiation effects on upstream regulators of carnitine shuttle system with the change characteristics of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines after irradiation across different animal models as well as a few humans.

Screening of radiation gastrointestinal injury biomarkers in rat plasma by high-coverage targeted lipidomics.

Introduction: In the event of radiological accidents and cancer radiotherapies in the clinic, the gastrointestinal (GI) system is vulnerable to ionizing radiation and shows GI injury. Accessible biomarkers may provide means to predict, evaluate, and treat GI tissue damage. The current study investigated radiation GI injury biomarkers in rat plasma.

Analysis of Red Blood Cells and their Components in Medical Workers with Occupational Exposure to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation.

Plenty of reports focus on the effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) on peripheral blood lymphocytes in radiation workers. However, studies on red blood cells (RBCs) in radiation workers are rarely reported. Many studies focused on investigate the hemogram of radiation staffs without detecting other components of RBCs.

Enhancement of Acylcarnitine Levels in Small Intestine of Abdominal Irradiation Rats Might Relate to Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Pathway Disequilibration.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the alteration of carnitine profile in the small intestine of abdominal irradiation-induced intestinal injury rats and explore the possible reason for the altered carnitine profile.

Methods: The abdomens of 15 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were irradiated with 0, 10, and 15 Gy of Co gamma rays. The carnitine profile in the small intestine and plasma samples of SD rats at 72 h after abdominal irradiated with 0 Gy or 10 Gy of Co gamma rays were measured by targeted metabolomics.

Effect of Ultraviolet B Irradiation on Melanin Content Accompanied by the Activation of p62/GATA4-Mediated Premature Senescence in HaCaT Cells.

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of ultraviolet B (UVB) on melanin synthesis and premature senescence in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells.

Methods: HaCaT cells were irradiated with 0, 20, 50, 80, 100, 150, and 200 mJ/cm of UVB. NaOH method was used for melanin content assay, cellular tyrosinase (TYR) activity was determined by 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) oxidation to dopachrome, premature senescence was analyzed by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining kit, and the levels of p21, p16, p62, and GATA4 proteins were detected by Western blotting.

and polymorphisms modified susceptibility to radiation-induced lens opacity in natural high background radiation area, China.

A population-based case-control study was conducted in Yangjiang and Enping areas in South China to assess whether the risk of lens opacity induced by natural high background radiation exposure is modulated by polymorphisms of and . A total of 133 cases who were diagnosed with cortical and posterior subcapsular (PSC) opacity were recruited, and 419 healthy controls were selected through counter-matching in terms of radiation status. Genomic DNA from all the participants was genotyped with the Illumina platform for four single nucleotide polymorphisms of (rs189037, rs373759, and rs4585) and (rs1042522).

Cytogenetic monitoring of peripheral blood lymphocytes from medical radiation professionals occupationally exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation.

In order to assess the health risk of low-dose radiation to radiation professionals, monitoring is performed through chromosomal aberration analysis and micronuclei (MN) analysis. MN formation has drawbacks for monitoring in the low-dose range. Nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) analysis, with a lower background level, has good dose-response relationships at both high and relatively low dose ranges.

System and capability of public health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies in China.

In order to respond to nuclear or radiological emergencies effectively and protect the physical and mental health of the public, the national-, provincial-, municipal- and county-level public health response systems for nuclear or radiological emergencies had been established in China by the end of twentieth century. The health administrative departments at all levels have established professional emergency response teams, continue to improve their own level of emergency response systems and operating mechanisms, enhance the capabilities of radiation injury treatment, radiation monitoring and protection through training and exercises and also pay attention to the logistical support for emergency response. In this article the organizations, management system and capabilities of public health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies in China are briefly introduced.

Dose-effect relationships of C ions-induced dicentric plus ring chromosomes, micronucleus and nucleoplasmic bridges in human lymphocytes in vitro.

Purpose: The objective of this research was to explore the dose-effect relationships of dicentric plus ring (dic + r), micronucleus (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) induced by carbon ions in human lymphocytes.

Materials And Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from three healthy donors. C ions beam was used to irradiate the blood samples at the energy of 330 MeV and linear energy transfer (LET) of 50 keV/μm with a dose rate of 1 Gy/min in the spread-out Bragg peak.

Effects of radiation quality and dose rate on radiation-induced nucleoplasmic bridges in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Previous studies showed that the yield of cobalt-60 γ-rays-induced nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes is dose dependent. However, the influence of the radiation quality and dose rates on NPB frequencies has not been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate NPB frequencies in human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by carbon ions and explore the dose rate effect on cobalt-60 γ-rays-induced NPB.

Identification of Potential Radiation Responsive Metabolic Biomarkers in Plasma of Rats Exposed to Different Doses of Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays.

Metabolomics has great potential to process accessible biofluids through high-throughput and quantitative analysis for radiation biomarker screening. This study focused on the potential radiation responsive metabolites in rat plasma and the dose-response relationships. In the discovery stage, 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 1, 3 and 5 Gy of cobalt-60 gamma rays at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min.

Screening of Lipids for Early Triage and Dose Estimation after Acute Radiation Exposure in Rat Plasma Based on Targeted Lipidomics Analysis.

Rapid early triage and dose estimation is vital for limited medical resource allocation and treatment of a large number of the wounded after radiological accidents. Lipidomics has been utilized to delineate biofluid lipid signatures after irradiation. Here, high-coverage targeted lipidomics was employed to screen radiosensitive lipids after 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 Gy total body irradiation at 4, 24, and 72 h postirradiation in rat plasma.

Identification of the differentially expressed protein biomarkers in rat blood plasma in response to gamma irradiation.

Simple, rapid and high-throughput dose assessment is critical for clinical diagnosis, treatment and emergency intervention in a large-scale radiological accident. The goal of this study is to screen and identify new ionizing radiation-responsive protein biomarkers in rat plasma. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to single doses of 0, 1, 3, 5 Gy of Cobalt-60 γ-rays total body irradiation at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min.

Developing Gender-Specific Gene Expression Biodosimetry Using a Panel of Radiation-Responsive Genes for Determining Radiation Dose in Human Peripheral Blood.

In a large-scale radiological incident, rapid and high-throughput biodosimetry would be needed. Gene expression-based biodosimetry is a promising approach to determine the dose received after radiation exposure. We previously identified 35 candidate genes as biodosimetry markers based on a systematic review.