Role of Peripheral NLRP3 Inflammasome in Cognitive Impairments: Insights of Non-central Factors.

Cognitive impairments are common clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune diseases. Emerging evidence has suggested a strong correlation between peripheral chronic inflammation and cognitive impairments. For example, nearly 40% of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease also suffer from cognitive impairments.

An umbrella review of meta-analyses on the effects of microbial therapy in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background: Current pharmacological treatments for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are often accompanied by adverse side effects. Consequently, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, which are bioactive compounds from fermented foods and offer fewer side effects, have garnered significant attention as alternative therapeutic strategies.

Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy of microbial therapies-probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-in managing MASLD and to identify the optimal treatment modality for various clinical indicators through a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.

BD400 protects from collagen-induced arthritis through histidine metabolism.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic and systemic autoimmune disease. Numerous clinical studies have indicated a correlation between alterations in gut microbiota and the onset and progression of RA. This research aims to restore intestinal microbiota to a healthy state through the oral administration of in the early stages with the goal of delaying the onset and progression of RA.

Unveiling the degradation mechanism of 3,5-dichloroaniline: Activated sludge acclimation, strain isolation and gene cloning.

3,5-Dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) is extensively used in synthesizing dicarboximide fungicides, medical compounds and dyes. Due to its widespread use in agriculture and industry, 3,5-DCA is often detected in groundwater, wastewater, sediments and soil, posing great risk to animals and humans. However, the genes and enzymes involved in 3,5-DCA degradation remain unidentified.

Protective effect of a combination of multiple strains of on collagen-induced arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, chronic autoimmune disease. Many studies have shown that microorganisms may be an important pathological factor leading to the onset of RA. Some infectious or non-infectious pathogenic microorganisms and their metabolites may be the initiating factors of the early onset of RA.

Extracellular vesicle-packed microRNAs profiling in Alzheimer's disease: The molecular intermediary between pathology and diagnosis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), referring to a type of non-coding RNAs functioning in various biological processes, participate in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through increasing amyloid-beta (Aβ) production, enhancing Tau phosphorylation, and inducing neuroinflammation. Meanwhile, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as promising carriers of AD biomarkers as they possess the ability to transmit information from cerebral tissue to peripheral blood. Inspired by the above findings, we in this review systematically generalized the roles of miRNAs in AD and explored the potential of EV-packed miRNA as biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD.

Meta-analysis of the effects of probiotics on hyperlipidemia.

Background: The potential role of probiotics in mitigating hyperlipidemia has garnered increasing evidence, yet the specific mechanisms warrant further investigation.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the alterations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a hypothesized lipid-lowering mechanism of probiotics, in animal models and to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects of probiotics on hyperlipidemic animal models through a meta-analysis of preclinical experiments. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar up to June 2024 yielded nine studies that met the inclusion criteria (INPLASY registration number: No.

The regulatory effect of the anterior cingulate cortex on helping behavior in juvenile social isolation model mice.

Social isolation during adolescence negatively impacts the development of adult social behaviors. However, the exact link between social experiences during adolescence and social behaviors in adulthood is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated how isolation during juvenility affects harm avoidance behavior in a mouse model of juvenile social isolation.

DipR, a GntR/FadR-family transcriptional repressor: regulatory mechanism and widespread distribution of the dip cluster for dipicolinic acid catabolism in bacteria.

Dipicolinic acid is an essential component of bacterial spores for stress resistance, which is released into the environment after spore germination. In a previous study, a dip gene cluster was found to be responsible for the catabolism of dipicolinic acid in Alcaligenes faecalis JQ135. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism remains unclear.

Remediation of isoproturon-contaminated soil by Sphingobium sp. strain YBL2: Bioaugmentation, detoxification and community structure.

The widely used phenylurea herbicide isoproturon (IPU) and its residues can inhibit the growth of subsequently planted crops. However, reports on bioremediation of IPU-contaminated soil are scarce. In this study, Sphingobium sp.

The adenosine A2A receptor in human sperm: its role in sperm motility and association with fertilization outcomes.

Background: The involvement of ATP and cAMP in sperm function has been extensively documented, but the understanding of the role of adenosine and adenosine receptors remains incomplete. This study aimed to examine the presence of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and study the functional role of A2AR in human sperm.

Methods: The presence and localization of A2AR in human sperm were examined by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays.

Functional analysis, diversity, and distribution of the cluster responsible for 17-estradiol degradation in sphingomonads.

17-estradiol (E2) is a natural endocrine disruptor that is frequently detected in surface and groundwater sources, thereby threatening ecosystems and human health. The newly isolated E2-degrading strain C3-2 can degrade E2 through both the 4,5-seco pathway and the 9,10-seco pathway; the former is the primary pathway supporting the growth of this strain and the latter is a branching pathway. The novel gene cluster was found to be responsible for E2 degradation through the 4,5-seco pathway, where E2 is converted to estrone (E1) by EanA, which belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) superfamily.

Fluorescent immunoassay for chloramphenicol based on the label-free polyadenine-mediated spherical nucleic acids triggered signal amplification.

A fluorescent immunosorbent assay incorporating signal amplification away from the surface of spherical nucleic acid (SNA) was developed for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP). Through the conjugation of antibodies and poly-adenine (polyA) DNA onto the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the fabrication of the nano-immunoprobe was achieved in a more straightforward and cost-effective manner. Moreover, a strategy utilizing the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) in the amplification step was devised, with particular attention given to the enzyme inhibition associated with SNA.

Rheumatoid arthritis and the intestinal microbiome: probiotics as a potential therapy.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by swollen joints, discomfort, stiffness, osteoporosis, and reduced functionality. Genetics, smoking, dust inhalation, high BMI, and hormonal and gut microbiota dysbiosis are all likely causes of the onset or development of RA, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Compared to healthy controls, patients with RA have a significantly different composition of gut microbiota.

The decreased astrocyte-microglia interaction reflects the early characteristics of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease often associated with olfactory dysfunction. Aβ is a typical AD hall marker, but Aβ-induced molecular alterations in olfactory memory remain unclear. In this study, we used a 5xFAD mouse model to investigate Aβ-induced olfactory changes.

Neural Network Excitation/Inhibition: A Key to Empathy and Empathy Impairment.

Empathy is an ability to fully understand and feel the mental states of others. We emphasize that empathy is elicited by the transmission of pain, fear, and sensory information. In clinical studies, impaired empathy has been observed in most psychiatric conditions.

Degradation protection and enhanced biocompatibility of Mg alloys pretreated with plasma proteins.

After implantation of the Mg alloy in the human body, the adsorption of plasma protein on surface will cause a series of cell reactions and affect the degradation of Mg alloys. Herein, in vitro biological reactions of the ZK60 and AZ31 Mg alloys are analyzed in plasma protein environment. Combined with mass spectrometry analysis of the type of adsorbed proteins, it is shown that proteins such as fibrinogen, vitronectin, fibronectin, and prothrombin are prone to get adsorbed on the surface of the alloys than other proteins, leading to the promotion of MG63 cell adhesion and proliferation.

Discovery of Novel Diphenyl Acrylonitrile Derivatives That Promote Adult Rats' Hippocampal Neurogenesis.

We previously discovered as a new antidepressant in correlation to its function of stimulating neurogenesis. Herein, several different scaffolds (stilbene, 1,3-diphenyl 1-propene, 1,3-diphenyl 2-propene, 1,2-diphenyl acrylo-1-nitrile, 1,2-diphenyl acrylo-2-nitrile, 1,3-diphenyl trimethylamine), further varied through substitutions of twelve amide substituents plus the addition of a methylene unit and an inverted amide, were examined to elucidate the SARs for promoting adult rat neurogenesis. Most of the compounds could stimulate proliferation of progenitors, but just a few chemicals possessing a specific structural profile, exemplified by diphenyl acrylonitrile and , showed better activity than the clinical drug in promoting newborn cells differentiation into mature neurons.