Exploring the mechanism of change in exercise behavior during a theory-based exercise intervention among community-dwelling (pre)frail older adults: A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a theory-based exercise intervention on exercise beliefs and behavior, and clarified the underlying mechanism of the exercise intervention among community-dwelling (pre)frail older adults. A 12-week exercise intervention based on the integration of Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Action Process Approach was implemented to 149 participants. The positive effects were significant on exercise beliefs (β = -1.

Impacts of Depressive Symptoms on the Effectiveness of a Theory-Driven Exercise Intervention Among Community-Dwelling (Pre)frail Older Adults.

Objectives: To investigate whether baseline depressive symptoms impacted the effectiveness of an exercise intervention among (pre)frail older adults.

Methods: This is a subanalysis of a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial implementing an exercise intervention, with an application of the integration of the Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Health Action Process Approach, among 149 community-dwelling (pre)frail older adults. The intervention effectiveness was examined by baseline depressive symptoms (depressive symptoms ( = 40) and non-depressive symptoms ( = 109).

Development and Validation of a Nutritional Frailty Phenotype for Older Adults Based on Risk Prediction Model: Results From a Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Malnutrition is generally studied to be involved in outlining hazard frailty trajectories, resulting in adverse outcomes. In view of frailty's multidimensional nature, we aimed to assess the contribution of nutritional items in existing frailty tools to adverse outcomes, and develop and validate a nutritional frailty phenotype based on machine learning.

Design: A population-based prospective cohort study.

Atomic Zn-N Site-Regulated Donor-Acceptor Catalyst for Boosting Photocatalytic Bactericidal Activity.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated photocatalytic antibacterial materials are emerging as promising alternatives for the antibiotic-free therapy of drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, the overall efficiency of photocatalytic sterilization is restricted by the rapid recombination of the charge carriers. Herein, we design an in-plane π-conjugated donor-acceptor (D-A) system (g-CN-Zn-NC), comprising graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) as the donor and Zn single-atom anchored nitrogen-doped carbon (Zn-NC) as the acceptor.

Engineering a Zn-NC electron bridge boosting charge transfer in ZnO/CN Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic disinfection.

Although photocatalytic disinfection can avoid secondary pollution and other shortcomings compared to traditional disinfection methods, its development is seriously hindered by poor charge separation and transfer efficiency. Herein, we design a Zn-NC (single Zn atoms embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon) bridged ZnO/CN Z-scheme heterojunction (ZnO/Zn-NC/CN) with robust interface contact by a multi-interfacial engineering strategy to achieve highly efficient separation and transfer of charge. Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the tightly integrated interface and excellent electrical conductivity of Zn-NC electron bridges ensure effective transfer of photogenerated charge carriers.

Isolated Ni Atoms for Enhanced Photocatalytic HO Performance with 1.05% Solar-to-Chemical Conversion Efficiency in Pure Water.

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (HO) production encounters a major impediment in its low solar-to-chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency due to undesired HO product decomposition. Herein, an isolated nickel (Ni) atom modification strategy is developed to adjust the thermodynamic process of HO production to address the challenge. Sacrificial experiments and in situ characterization reveal that HO generation occurs via a highly selective indirect two-electron oxygen reduction reaction.

Effectiveness of a theory-underpinning exercise intervention among community-dwelling (pre)frail older adults: A stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-underpinning exercise intervention among Chinese community-dwelling (pre)frail older adults, and the impacts of intervening late as opposed to intervening early.

Methods: This was a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial. Participants were enrolled from six communities in a county of central China from January to November in 2021 (n = 149).

A rare intestinal mucormycosis caused by in a patient with diabetes: a case report.

Mucormycosis is an aggressive fungal disease. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is rare, but its clinical symptoms lack specificity and mortality is high. Here, we report a case of intestinal mucormycosis caused by in a 65-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus.

Factors influencing dementia patients' participation in advance care planning: A meta-analysis.

Objective: A meta-analysis was conducted based on the available evidence to determine the influencing factors associated with the participation of people with dementia in advance care planning.

Methods: A keyword search was performed in seven databases, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, and Void, to search for eligible studies published from the time of library construction up to February 1, 2024, to examine the factors influencing the participation of dementia patients in advance care planning and its effects. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the assessment criteria of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).

Change of leisure activity participation and associations with cognitive frailty in older adults: A population-based longitudinal study.

Objectives: To examine changes in leisure activity participation and their associations with cognitive frailty among older adults.

Methods: The study utilized data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey covering 2008-2018. Three distinct intervals represented short-term (2008-2011), medium-term (2008-2014) and long-term (2008-2018) changes in leisure activity participation, and the change patterns of levels of leisure activities based on the tertile were described.

Antioxidant Activity and Preclinical Safety of Extract.

is the dried mature seeds of (L.) Batsch and (Carr.) Franch and is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations because of its variety of biological effects.

Impacts of subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment on the effectiveness of an exercise intervention among community-dwelling (Pre)frail older adults.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is prevalent in community-dwelling (pre)frail older adults. This study aimed to investigate whether baseline subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) impacted the effectiveness of an exercise intervention among (pre)frail older adults.

Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial among (pre)frail older adults across six communities.

Causal Associations of Cognitive Reserve and Hierarchical Aging-Related Outcomes: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Purpose: Two-sample Mendelian randomization methods were used to explore the causal effects of cognitive reserve proxies, such as educational attainment, occupational attainment, and physical activity (PA), on biological (leukocyte telomere length), phenotypic (sarcopenia-related features), and functional (frailty index and cognitive performance) aging levels.

Results: Educational attainment had a potential protective effect on the telomere length ( = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.

Dissecting the Distinct Tumor Microenvironments of HRD and HRP Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Targeted Therapies to Overcome PARPi Resistance in HRD Tumors and Refractoriness in HRP Tumors.

High-grade serous tubo-ovarian cancer (HGSTOC) is an aggressive gynecological malignancy including homologous recombination deficient (HRD) and homologous recombination proficient (HRP) groups. Despite the therapeutic potential of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) and anti-PDCD1 antibodies, acquired resistance in HRD and suboptimal response in HRP patients necessitate more precise treatment. Herein, single-cell RNA and single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing on 5 HRD and 3 HRP tumors are performed to decipher the heterogeneous tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), along with multiplex immunohistochemistry staining and animal experiments for validation.

Correlates of symptom burden in renal dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Patients receiving renal dialysis often experience a wide range of symptoms. These symptoms contribute to a significant symptom burden that significantly affects patients' quality of life and serves as a significant predictor of healthcare resource utilization and patient prognosis. It is necessary to synthesize existing evidence to draw reliable conclusions to deepen the understanding of symptom burden.

Development and Validation of Prediction Models for Incident Reversible Cognitive Frailty Based on Social-Ecological Predictors Using Generalized Linear Mixed Model and Machine Learning Algorithms: A Prospective Cohort Study.

This study aimed to develop and validate prediction models for incident reversible cognitive frailty (RCF) based on social-ecological predictors. Older adults aged ≥60 years from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011-2013 survey were included as training set ( = 1230). The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting, support vector machine, random forest, and Binary Mixed Model forest were used to develop prediction models.

Development and validation of a risk scoring tool for predicting incident reversible cognitive frailty among community-dwelling older adults: A prospective cohort study.

Aim: Reversible cognitive frailty (RCF) is an ideal target to prevent asymptomatic cognitive impairment and dependency. This study aimed to develop and validate prediction models for incident RCF.

Methods: A total of 1230 older adults aged ≥60 years from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011-2013 survey were included as the training set.

Electron Tandem Transport Channel in a CuP/Sv-ZnInS p-n Heterojunction for Photothermal-Photocatalytic Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation and H Production.

The development of photocatalytic systems with an electron tandem transport channel represents a promising avenue for improving the utilization of photogenerated electrons and holes despite encountering significant challenges. In this study, ZnInS (Sv-ZIS) with sulfur vacancies was fabricated using a solvothermal technique to create defect energy levels. Subsequently, CuP nanoparticles were coupled onto the surface of Sv-ZIS, forming a CuP/Sv-ZIS p-n heterojunction with an electron tandem transport channel.

Joint trajectories of pain, depression and frailty and associations with adverse outcomes among community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study.

This study aimed to examine joint trajectories of pain, depression and frailty and their associations with adverse outcomes. Four waves of national data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011-2018) were used, involving 4217 participants aged ≥60 years. Joint trajectories were fit using parallel-process latent class growth analysis, and their associations with adverse outcomes were evaluated using modified Poisson regression.

Effectiveness of interventions for informal caregivers of community-dwelling frail older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Systematic reviews on interventions for informal caregivers of community-dwelling frail older adults were published over a decade ago and they mistook frailty for other severe age-related conditions like disability and dementia. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically synthesize these interventions supporting these caregivers identified by an acknowledged frailty assessment instrument and to examine their effectiveness on caregiver-related outcomes.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The role of Foxo3a in neuron-mediated cognitive impairment.

Cognitive impairment (COI) is a prevalent complication across a spectrum of brain disorders, underpinned by intricate mechanisms yet to be fully elucidated. Neurons, the principal cell population of the nervous system, orchestrate cognitive processes and govern cognitive balance. Extensive inquiry has spotlighted the involvement of Foxo3a in COI.

Effects of (pre)frailty and cognitive reserve on mild cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: We aimed to identify the effect of lifespan cognitive reserve and (pre)frailty on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among older adults.

Materials And Methods: A total of 4420 older adults aged above 60 with intact cognition recruited in 2011/2012 were followed up in 2015 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The assessment of MCI was based on executive function, episodic memory, and visual-spatial ability.

Does Social Support Moderate the Relationship Between Frailty and Functional Ability Trajectory Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults?

Background: Functional ability is the important prerequisite to live independently and achieve aging in place, which depends on the complex interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Identifying the trends and influencing factors of functional ability would contribute to the accurate assessment and intervention of geriatric health. This study aimed to disentangle the moderating effect of 3 types of social support, namely objective support, subjective support, and support utilization, on the relationship between frailty and functional ability trajectories.

Carbene-Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloaddition of Cyclobutenones and Isatins for Quick Access to Chiral Chlorine-Containing Spirocyclic δ-Lactones.

Here we report a carbene-catalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of cyclobutenones with isatins for the quick and efficient synthesis of spirocyclic δ-lactones bearing a chiral chlorine. A broad range of substrates with various substitution patterns proceed smoothly in this reaction, with the spirooxindole δ-lactone products afforded in generally good to excellent yields and optical purities under mild reaction conditions.