Effectiveness of the application of small private online course combined with PBL model based on massive open online course in the teaching of neurology.

Background: Due to the complex and abstract anatomy of the nervous system, neurology has become a difficult subject for students of clinical disciplines. It is imperative to develop new teaching methods to improve students' enthusiasm for learning this course. Small private online courses (SPOC) combined with problem based learning (PBL) blended teaching models based on massive open online course (MOOC) provides a new direction for future neurology teaching reform.

Perturbed microbial ecology in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: Evidence from the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating immune-mediated ailment, which is influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental elements. The escalating incidence of NMOSD in recent years implies alterations in environmental risk factors. Recent research has established a correlation between gut microbiomes and the development of NMOSD.

Curcumin protects mice with myasthenia gravis by regulating the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and the Th17/Treg balance.

Curcumin is widely used as a traditional drug in Asia. Interestingly, curcumin and its metabolites have been demonstrated to influence the microbiota. However, the effect of curcumin on the gut microbiota in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) remains unclear.

MicroRNA‑155‑5p affects regulatory T cell activation and immunosuppressive function by targeting BCL10 in myasthenia gravis.

The imbalance in immune homeostasis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). MicroRNAs (miRs) have been identified as key regulators of immune homeostasis. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) has been implicated in the activation and suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Curcumin regulates anti-inflammatory responses by AXL/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study explored whether curcumin has a protective effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and the specific mechanism was investigated. We found that curcumin attenuates the severity of EAE mice.

The Top-Cited Original Articles on the Role of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study.

Background: Microglia participants to neuronal loss during brain development, inflammation, ischemia, and neurodegeneration. This bibliometric and visualized study aimed to confirm the top 100 cited original research in the field and to analyze their characteristics.

Methods: The Web of Science database (WOS) was retrieved using the specific search strategy.

Intravenous Alteplase Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Exhibiting Mild Neurological Deficits.

Alteplase is increasingly used for treating ischemic stroke cases with low NIHSS scores, but the guidelines and evidence regarding outcomes are lacking. So, the authors conducted an updated meta-analysis to better understand the effects of alteplase for the treatment of acute mild ischemic stroke. PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE were systematically explored for all relevant investigations published as in September 2021.

A candidate biomarker of glial fibrillary acidic protein in CSF and blood in differentiating multiple sclerosis and its subtypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a monomeric intermediate filament protein. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed regarding a candidate biomarker for astrocytic damage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood GFAP levels in differentiating multiple sclerosis and its subtypes.

New progress in the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with monoclonal antibodies (Review).

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a group of immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating diseases mainly affecting the central nervous system. It is characterized by high risk of relapse and progression to disability. The frequent recurrences of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder often exacerbate the neurological dysfunction and severely affect the patient's quality of life.

A meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a central nervous system immune disease with a high recurrence rate and high disability rate. Frequent relapses often cause the accumulation of neurological dysfunction, leading to permanent blindness, paralysis or even death. Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the IL-6 receptor and was the first anti-IL6-R mAb tested for the treatment of NMOSD.

Mechanism of gut microbiota and Axl/SOCS3 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The present study explored the role of intestinal microbiota in the initiation and propagation of mice induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. 48 C57BL/6 were randomly divided into control group and EAE group.

A meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and tolerability of anti-B-cell monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis.

The present study performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-B-cell monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To the best of our knowledge, no previous meta-analysis has evaluated this. Relevant studies published until March 2015 were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library using the following keywords: 'Clinical trial', 'randomized', 'multiple sclerosis' or 'MS' and 'monoclonal antibodies' or 'mAbs'.

[Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene polymorphisms and childhood primary nephrotic syndrome].

Objective: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene polymorphisms have been shown to be implicated in hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and other diseases. However, it remains unclear whether ACE2 gene polymorphisms are involved in the development of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in children. The aim of this study was to assess the association between A9570G polymorphisms of ACE2 gene and PNS in a group of Han children in Guangdong Province, China.