Study on the lignin-derived sp-sp hybrid hard carbon materials and the feasibility for industrial production.

Hard carbon has been widely used in anode of lithium/sodium ion battery, electrode of supercapacitor, and carbon molecular sieve for CO capture and hydrogen storage. In this study the lignin derived hard carbon products are investigated, and the conclusions are abstracted as follows. (1) The lignin derived hard carbon products consist of microcrystal units of sp graphene fragments, jointed by sp carbon atoms and forming sp-sp hybrid hard carbon family.

OTUD1 promotes hypertensive kidney fibrosis and injury by deubiquitinating CDK9 in renal epithelial cells.

Hypertensive renal disease (HRD) contributes to the progression of kidney dysfunction and ultimately leads to end-stage renal disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying HRD is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been recently highlighted in renal pathophysiology.

Isoproterenol induces MD2 activation by β-AR-cAMP-PKA-ROS signalling axis in cardiomyocytes and macrophages drives inflammatory heart failure.

Cardiac inflammation contributes to heart failure (HF) induced by isoproterenol (ISO) through activating β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR). Recent evidence shows that myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2), a key protein in endotoxin-induced inflammation, mediates inflammatory heart diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of MD2 in ISO-β-AR-induced heart injuries and HF.