Dynamic cerebral autoregulation during repeated handgrip exercise: comparisons with spontaneous rest and sit-stand maneuvers.

Induced arterial pressure oscillation may improve the assessment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) with transfer function analysis (TFA). This study investigated dCA during repeated handgrip exercise (RHE) compared with spontaneous rest and sit-stand maneuvers (SSM), often used in cerebrovascular research. After a 5-min rest, 20 healthy young adults (10 women and 10 men) underwent 5 min of RHE (30% maximal voluntary contraction) and SSM at 0.

Fast fabrication of a hierarchical nanostructured multifunctional ferromagnet.

Materials with multifunctionality affect society enormously. However, the inability to surmount multiple functionality trade-offs limits the discovery of next-generation multifunctional materials. Departing from conventional alloying design philosophy, we present a hierarchical nanostructure (HNS) strategy to simultaneously break multiple performance trade-offs in a material.

Discovery of Nitrosomaritimum as a New Genus of Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea Widespread in Anoxic Saltmarsh Intertidal Aquifers.

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are widely distributed in marine and terrestrial habitats, contributing significantly to global nitrogen and carbon cycles. However, their genomic diversity, ecological niches, and metabolic potentials in the anoxic intertidal aquifers remain poorly understood. Here, we discovered and named a novel AOA genus, Nitrosomaritimum, from the intertidal aquifers of Yancheng Wetland, showing close metagenomic abundance to the previously acknowledged dominant AOA.

Enhancing cerebral arteriovenous malformation analysis: Development and application of patient-specific lumped parameter models based on 3D imaging data.

Objectives: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) present complex neurovascular challenges, characterized by direct arteriovenous connections that disrupt normal brain blood flow dynamics. Traditional lumped parameter models (LPMs) offer a simplified angioarchitectural representation of AVMs, yet often fail to capture the intricate structure within the AVM nidus. This research aims at refining our understanding of AVM hemodynamics through the development of patient-specific LPMs utilizing three-dimensional (3D) medical imaging data for enhanced structural fidelity.

Five commonly used traditional Chinese medicine formulas in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A network meta-analysis.

Background: Currently, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas are commonly being used as adjunctive therapy for ulcerative colitis in China. Network meta-analysis, a quantitative and comprehensive analytical method, can systematically compare the effects of different adjunctive treatment options for ulcerative colitis, providing scientific evidence for clinical decision-making.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of commonly used TCM for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical practice through a network meta-analysis.

Product Selection Toward High-Value Hydrogen and Bamboo-Shaped Carbon Nanotubes from Plastic Waste by Catalytic Microwave Processing.

The escalating levels of plastic waste and energy crises underscore the urgent need for effective waste-to-energy strategies. This study focused on converting polypropylene wastes into high-value products employing various iron-based catalysts and microwave radiative thermal processing. The Al-Fe catalysts exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a hydrogen utilization efficiency of 97.

Improving the performance of kraft paper by cinnamon essential oil/soybean protein isolate microcapsules and konjac glucomannan for citrus preservation.

In order to reduce the quality loss of citrus and extend its storage time after harvest, it is essential to develop coated kraft papers with antibacterial and fresh-keeping properties. In this study, cinnamon essential oil (CEO)/soybean protein isolate (SPI) microcapsules were prepared by the coagulation method, and their properties were optimized. Then, the microcapsules were added to konjac glucomannan (KGM) as a coating solution to enhance the physical, and chemical properties of kraft paper by a coating method.

Elder Abuse in Older Adults With Dementia: Protective Factors and Adverse Effects.

With the rapid increase in the aging population, more attention has been paid to studying older adults with dementia. Despite the fact that older adults with dementia are more likely to be abused compared to their cognitively intact counterparts, little attention has been paid to abuse within this population. This systematic review, conducted using the PRISMA model, aims to critically examine, evaluate, and synthesize literature on protective factors and adverse effects of elder abuse by informal caregivers among individuals with dementia.

Ppb-Level Ammonia Sensor for Exhaled Breath Diagnosis Based on UV-DOAS Combined with Spectral Reconstruction Fitting Neural Network.

Ammonia (NH) in exhaled breath (EB) has been a biomarker for kidney function, and accurate measurement of NH is essential for early screening of kidney disease. In this work, we report an optical sensor that combines ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) and spectral reconstruction fitting neural network (SRFNN) for detecting NH in EB. UV-DOAS is introduced to eliminate interference from slow change absorption in the EB spectrum while spectral reconstruction fitting is proposed for the first time to map the original spectra onto the sine function spectra by the principle of least absolute deviations.

Voltage-controlled nonlinear optical properties in gold nanofilms via electrothermal effect.

Dynamic control of the optical properties of gold nanostructures is crucial for advancing photonics technologies spanning optical signal processing, on-chip light sources and optical computing. Despite recent advances in tunable plasmons in gold nanostructures, most studies are limited to the linear or static regime, leaving the dynamic manipulation of nonlinear optical properties unexplored. This study demonstrates the voltage-controlled Kerr nonlinear optical response of gold nanofilms via the electrothermal effect.

The clinical and pathological evaluation of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy by diffusion tensor imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging.

Objectives: To explore the efficacy of diffuse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for identifying clinicopathological changes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients.

Methods: The study enrolled IgAN patients and healthy volunteers. IgAN patients were divided into Group 1 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 90 mL/min/1.

Enhanced Selectivity in Microdroplet-Mediated Enzyme Catalysis.

Natural enzymes with enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity have long been studied by tuning the microenvironment around the active site, but how to modulate the active-site electric field in a simple fashion remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that microdroplets as a simple yet versatile reactor can enhance the electric field at the active site of an enzyme. By using horseradish peroxidase as a model, improved selectivity in microdroplet-mediated enzyme catalysis can be obtained.

Exploring the correlation between childhood trauma experiences, inflammation, and brain activity in first-episode, drug-naive major depressive disorder.

Background: Childhood trauma experiences and inflammation are pivotal factors in the onset and perpetuation of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, research on brain mechanisms linking childhood trauma experiences and inflammation to depression remains insufficient and inconclusive.

Methods: Resting-state fMRI scans were performed on fifty-six first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and sixty healthy controls (HCs).

Protocol-based control for semi-Markov reaction-diffusion neural networks.

This paper addresses the asynchronous control problem for semi-Markov reaction-diffusion neural networks (SMRDNNs) under probabilistic event-triggered protocol (PETP) scheduling. A semi-Markov process with a deterministic switching rule is introduced to characterize the stochastic behavior of these networks, effectively mitigating the impacts of arbitrary switching. Leveraging statistical data on communication-induced delays, a novel PETP is proposed that adjusts transmission frequencies through a probabilistic delay division method.

Rational design of short-chain dehydrogenase DHDR for efficient synthesis of (S)-equol.

(S)-equol, the most influential metabolite of daidzein in vivo, has aroused great attention due to the excellent biological activities. Although existing studies have accomplished the construction of its heterologous synthetic pathway in the context of anaerobicity and inefficiency of natural strains, the low productivity of (S)-equol limits its industrial application. Here, rational design strategies based on decreasing the pocket steric hindrance and fine-tuning the pocket microenvironment to systematically redesign the binding pocket of enzyme were developed and processed to the rate-limiting enzyme dihydrodaidzein reductase in (S)-equol synthesis.

Spore Oil enhances the effect of cyclophosphamide inhibiting programmed death-1 and prolongs the survival of H22 tumor-bearing mice.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Spore Oil (GLSO) on the tumor growth and survival of H22 tumor-bearing mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX), and explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods: Allograft H22 hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model was applied to investigate the effect of GLSO on the tumor growth and survival of animals, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the life span. Plasma biochemical examination was used to determine the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea (UREA) and creatinine (CRE).

Molecular Insights into Red Palm Weevil Resistance Mechanisms of Coconut () Leaves.

Red palm weevil (RPW) () threatens most palm species worldwide. This study investigated the molecular responses of coconut () leaves to RPW infestation through metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis. An RPW insect attack model was developed by placing different RPW larval densitiesin coconut plants and measuring the relative chlorophyll content of different leaf positions and physiological indicators of dysfunction after RPW infestation.

CO-Accelerated Carbonation Modification for Recycled Coarse Aggregate with Various Original Concrete Strengths and Coarse Aggregate Sizes.

The increasing demand for concrete reduces natural resources, such as sand and gravel, and also leads to a sharp increase in the amount of waste concrete produced. Due to the fact that the physical and mechanical properties of waste concrete made of recycled aggregates (RAs) differ greatly, it is difficult to use directly as a raw material for reinforced concrete (RC) components, which greatly restricts the popularization and application of RAs in actual projects. Utilizing the alkali aggregate properties of RAs to capture CO from industrial waste gases is an innovative way of enhancing their properties and promoting their application in real projects.

High systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) is an independent risk factor for poor outcome in IgA nephropathy patients.

Background: The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), a straightforward and easily accessible measure of inflammation and prognosis, has drawn more attention lately. It is unknown, however, if SIRI is important for IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients' outcomes. To better clarify these concerns, we conducted this investigation.

Downregulation of Splicing Factor Curtails Expression to Promote Cellular Senescence in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 () plays an essential role in splicing and post-transcriptional regulation. Moreover, has been implicated as a causal factor in tumorigenesis. However, the involvement of in cellular senescence, a key biological process in aging and cancer suppression, remains to be clarified.

Exosomal ssc-miR-1343 targets FAM131C to regulate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in pigs.

The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes diarrhea in piglets, thereby causing very significant economic losses for the global swine industry. In previous studies, it has been confirmed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the infection caused by PEDV. However, the precise molecular mechanism of miRNAs in the regulation of PEDV infection is still not fully understood.

Association between enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia and cerebral perfusion in elderly people.

Background And Objective: Enlarged perivascular spaces in basal ganglia (BG-EPVS) are considered an imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), but its pathogenesis and pathophysiological process remain unclear. While decreased cerebral perfusion is linked to other CSVD markers, the relationship between BG-EPVS and cerebral perfusion remains ambiguous. This study aimed to explore this association.