Epigenome-Wide and Methylation Risk Score Analysis of Body Mass Index Among People with HIV.

People with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) often gain weight, which increases their risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The role of DNA methylation (DNAm) markers in obesity among PWH is understudied. This research explores the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and epigenetic patterns to better understand and manage obesity-related risks in PWH.

Optimizing encephalomyocarditis virus VP1 protein assembly on pseudorabies virus envelope via US9 protein anchoring.

Live herpesvirus-vectored vaccines are critical in veterinary medicine, but they can sometimes offer insufficient protection due to suboptimal antigen expression or localization. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is a significant zoonotic threat, with VP1 protein as a key immunogen on its capsid. To enhance immunogenicity, we explored the use of recombinant pseudorabies virus (rPRV) as a vaccine vector against EMCV.

Genome-Wide European Ancestry Study Identifies Coronary Artery Disease-Associated Loci Through Gene-Sex Hormone Interaction.

Background: Although sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) risk have been observed, little is known about the role of sex hormones in CAD genetics. Accounting for sex hormone levels may help identify CAD-risk loci and extend our knowledge of its genetic architecture.

Methods And Results: A total of 365 662 individuals of European ancestry enrolled in the UK Biobank were considered.

Characterization of seselopsis tianschanica schischk polysaccharide () and its application in developing a functional fermented beverage with highland barle.

This study aimed to isolate and characterize (, a natural functional ingredient, and to develop a compound fermented beverage of nutritional and health combining with highland barley. Firstly, the was isolated and characterized with ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method and chromatography, and analyzed the structural features of polysaccharide -1. Then, a compounded fermented beverage integrating Tibet and highland barley was created, with technology and flavor substances studied.

Behavioral Changes During COVID-19 Omicron Variant Infection on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the behavioral changes in the core features and challenging behaviors of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) during the COVID-19 Omicron wave (from December 2022 to January 2023) in China.

Patients And Methods: A total of 515 caregivers of children with ASD completed an online survey. This survey was designed to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of the children and their caregivers, the clinical features of COVID-19, the manifestation of core ASD features and challenging behaviors, and the alterations in daily life following the COVID-19 Omicron variant wave.

Metagenomics-based insights into the microbial community dynamics and flavor development potentiality of artificial and natural pit mud.

Strong-flavor Baijiu (SFB) production has relied on pit mud (PM) as a starter culture. The maturation time of natural PM (NPM) is about 30 years, so artificial PM (APM) with a shorter maturation time has attracted widespread attention. This study reveals the microbial and functional dissimilarities of APM and NPM, and helps to elucidate the different metabolic roles of microbes during substrate degradation and flavor formation.

A Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study of Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile, and Heart Failure Subtypes.

Heart failure (HF) is a significant health burden, with two major clinical subtypes: HF with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Blood pressure and lipid profile are established risk factors of HF. We performed univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess potential causal effects of blood pressures and lipids on HF subtypes.

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic drug products approved by the FDA in 2023: Synthesis and biological activity.

This article profiles 13 newly approved nitrogen-containing heterocyclic drugs by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2023.

Relationship between anterior segment biometry and primary angle-closure glaucoma in Hubei region: a retrospective case-control study.

Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG) and its relationship with the anatomical structure of the anterior segment by obtaining biometric parameters using the IOL-Master 700.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Clinical data from 39 PACG patients and 40 normal controls treated at the Aier Eye Hospital affiliated with Wuhan University from January to December 2022 were collected.

Association of the weight-adjusted waist index with hypertension in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.

Objective: Hypertension (HTN) is a prevalent global health concern. From the standpoint of preventive and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM), early detection of HTN offers a crucial opportunity for targeted prevention and personalized treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and HTN risk.

The effects of sleep quality on loneliness among older adults: cohort analysis from the life course perspective.

Background: Using cohort analysis to examine the effects of sleep quality on loneliness among older adults from the life course perspective.

Methods: The hierarchical age-period-cohort growth curve model was used to analyze the data from the 2005-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS).

Results: (1) Loneliness has a 'U' curve relationship with age, but with the rate of increase gradually slowing down.

Heterogenetic mechanism in multidimensional pit mud with different fermentation years: From microbial structure dynamic succession to metabolism phenotypes.

Pit mud (PM) is fermenting agents in the strong-flavor baijiu (SFB) production. In this paper, the discrepancies in fermentation parameters, microbial community succession patterns and metabolic phenotypes were compared in multidimensional PMs. The results showed that pyruvic acid, succinic acid, S-Acetyldihydrolipoamide-E, glycerol and glyceric acid were the key metabolites responsible for the metabolic differences between the 2-, 30-,100- and 300-year multidimensional PMs, while the butanoic acid, heptyl, heptanoic acid, heptanoic acid ethyl ester, hexanoic acid and octanoic acid were the key differential flavor compounds in the 2-, 30-,100- and 300-year multidimensional PMs.

Characterising the genetic architecture of changes in adiposity during adulthood using electronic health records.

Obesity is a heritable disease, characterised by excess adiposity that is measured by body mass index (BMI). While over 1,000 genetic loci are associated with BMI, less is known about the genetic contribution to adiposity trajectories over adulthood. We derive adiposity-change phenotypes from 24.

Comparing the antioxidation and bioavailability of polysaccharides from extruded and unextruded Baijiu vinasses via in vitro digestion and fecal fermentation.

Extrusion has been proven to be a novel approach for modifying the physicochemical characteristic of Baijiu vinasses (BV) to extract polysaccharides, contributing to the sustainable development of brewing industry. However, the comparison of the bioactivity and bioavailability of extruded (EX) and unextruded (UE) BV polysaccharides was unclear, which impended the determination of the efficacy of extrusion in BV resourcing. In this study, in vitro digestion and fecal fermentation experiments were conducted to investigate the bioavailability, and the results showed that EX exhibited less variation in the monosaccharide composition and molecular weight, while exhibiting a stronger antioxidant capacity compared to UE.

SMIM1 absence is associated with reduced energy expenditure and excess weight.

Background: Obesity rates have nearly tripled in the past 50 years, and by 2030 more than 1 billion individuals worldwide are projected to be obese. This creates a significant economic strain due to the associated non-communicable diseases. The root cause is an energy expenditure imbalance, owing to an interplay of lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors.

Characterizing the Contribution of Functional Microbiota Cultures in Pit Mud to the Metabolite Profiles of Fermented Grains.

Elevating the flavor profile of strong flavors has always been a focal point in the industry, and pit mud (PM) serves as a crucial flavor contributor in the fermentation process of the fermented grains (FG). This study investigated the influence of wheat flour and bran (MC and FC) as PM culture enrichment media on the microbiota and metabolites of FG, aiming to inform strategies for improving strong-flavor flavor. Results showed that adding PM cultures to FG significantly altered its properties: FC enhanced starch degradation to 51.

A multi-trait epigenome-wide association study identified DNA methylation signature of inflammation among people with HIV.

Inflammation underlies many conditions causing excess morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PWH). A handful of single-trait epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have suggested that inflammation is associated with DNA methylation (DNAm) among PWH. Multi-trait EWAS may further improve statistical power and reveal pathways in common between different inflammatory markers.