Implementing the optimized hippo-avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited-stage small cell lung cancer by tomotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy.

Background: Hippo-avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation (HA-PCI) requires a hippocampal avoidance zone expanded from hippocampus to ensure dose fall-off and compensate for setup errors. Most studies recommend a 5-mm margin, while it could be optimized to a 2-mm expansion. Here, we showed the details of optimized HA-PCI for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).

Effect of Concurrent Chemoradiation With Celecoxib vs Concurrent Chemoradiation Alone on Survival Among Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With and Without Cyclooxygenase 2 Genetic Variants: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains challenging. The rationale of combining a cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor with concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) was based on results of preclinical research and prospective clinical studies; however, no randomized clinical trial has provided evidence of a direct comparison with CCRT alone.

Objective: To determine the effect of combined selective COX-2 inhibition with standard CCRT on survival among patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC.

Tobacco smoking and trends in histological subtypes of female lung cancer at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences over 13 years.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in China, and incidence and mortality continue to rise despite the fact that smoking prevalence is very low among Chinese women.

Aim: This study investigated tobacco smoking and trends in histological subtypes of female lung cancer in a central cancer hospital in China.

Methods: Demographic, smoking history and histological information on female lung cancer patients diagnosed or treated from 2000 to 2012 was collected from the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CHCAMS).

The Efficacy of Upfront Intracranial Radiation with TKI Compared to TKI Alone in the NSCLC Patients Harboring EGFR Mutation and Brain Metastases.

The high intracranial efficacy of EGFR-TKI challenges the role of upfront intracranial radiation therapy (RT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutation and brain metastases (BM). Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis to demonstrate the role of upfront RT in these patients. Patients that had histologically confirmed NSCLC with EGFR mutation, brain metastases, and received TKI or upfront RT with TKI were included in this study.

Impact of thoracic radiation therapy after chemotherapy on survival in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: The role of thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) after chemotherapy (CHT) in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) has not been well defined. We investigated whether intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) improves outcomes in ES-SCLC after CHT compared to CHT alone.

Methods: A total of 292 patients who reached a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) after CHT were assigned into groups: CHT + TRT and CHT alone.

Role of radiotherapy in treating patients with primary malignant mediastinal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor: A 21-year experience at a single institution.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with primary malignant mediastinal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (MMNSGCT) by comparing the efficacies of different treatment modalities.

Methods: The charts of 62 consecutive patients with MMNSGCT between 1990 and 2010 were reviewed. Analyses included Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox multivariate regression.

Histological subtypes of lung cancer in Chinese males from 2000 to 2012.

Objective: To characterize the histological and epidemiological features of male lung cancer patients in China.

Methods: The demographic and histological information about male lung cancer patients identified from 2000-01-01 to 2012-12-31, was collected from the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Relative frequencies (RF) were estimated for major histological subtypes and compared according to the years of diagnosis and birth.

[Clinical analysis of intraoperative radiotherapy in breast-conserving surgery of early breast cancer].

Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of intraoperative radiotherapy during breast-conserving surgery instead of whole breast radiotherapy in early breast cancer patients.

Methods: From July 2008 to December 2012, 36 early breast cancer patients underwent breast-conserving surgery plus interoperative radiotherapy on a Mobetron 1000 mobile electron accelerator. Postoperative recurrence and metastases, complications and cosmetic outcomes were recorded and analyzed.

[Value of intraoperative electron radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant bone or soft tissue tumors around the joints].

Objective: To evaluate the value of intraoperative radiation therapy with electrons (ELIOT) in treatment of malignant bone or soft tissue tumors around the joints.

Methods: From October 2008 to April 2012, nineteen patients with malignant bone or soft tissue tumors around the joints were treated with ELIOT. The tumors were located around the knee joint in 8 patients, around the hip joint in 6 patients, around the elbow joint in 4 patients and around the shoulder joint in one patient.

[Complications and short-term outcomes of intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOERT) in patients with periarticular soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities].

Objective: To analyze the complications and short-term outcomes of patients receiving intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOERT) for locally advanced and recurrent periarticular soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities.

Methods: Twenty-one adult patients with locally advanced and/or recurrent periarticular soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities treated with IOERT were included in this study. Among them 14 patients had recurrent diseases after prior operation and 7 patients with locally advanced disease with primary treatment.

[Therapeutic efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer].

Objective: To compare the treatment results of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and conventional radiotherapy (2D) for patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Five hundred and twenty seven patients with stage III NSCLC treated between Jan 2000 and Dec 2006 were included in this study. Among them, 253 cases were treated with 3D-CRT, and 274 with conventional radiotherapy.

[Thoracic radiation therapy improves the prognosis for patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) on patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Methods: One hundred and fifty-four patients with extensive stage SCLC treated in our department between January 2003 and December 2006 were enrolled in this study. Eighty nine patients received chemotherapy and thoracic radiation therapy (ChT/TRT), and 65 patients were treated with chemotherapy alone (ChT without TRT).

[Value of intraoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer].

Objective: To assess the value of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in the combined treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Methods: All patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer at our hospital from January 2007 to December 2009, judged as unresectable and confirmed by histology or cytology, were recruited into this prospective study. They were randomly assigned into the IORT group (n=31) and control group (n=34).

Role of adjuvant radiotherapy for stage II thymoma after complete tumor resection.

Purpose: To determine whether patients with Masaoka stage II thymoma benefit from adjuvant radiation therapy after complete tumor resection.

Methods And Materials: A total of 107 patients with stage II thymoma who underwent complete resection of their tumors between September 1964 and October 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-six patients were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy, and 41 patients received surgery alone.

[Clinical analysis of 126 patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus].

Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors and the principles of treatment of primary esophageal small cell carcinoma (SCEC) retrospectively.

Methods: The data of 126 patients with histologically confirmed SCEC treated in our department between May 1985 and June 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. 85 patients were in limited disease stage (LD) and 41 patients as extensive disease stage (ED) according to the Veterans Administration Lung Study Group staging system.

[Postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for resected non-small cell lung cancer].

Objective: To investigate the association between survival and postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Eighty-four patients were treated with surgery and postoperative 3DCRT for NSCLC. Sixty-five (77.

[Prognosis of locally advanced non small cell lung cancer treated with three dimentional conformal radiotherapy].

Objective: To summarize our experience and evaluate the prognostic factors of locally advanced non small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) treated with three dimentional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).

Methods: 118 patients with stage IIImA/IIIB non small cell lung cancer were treated with 3D-CRT from Nov. 2001 to Mar.

[Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for locoregionally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after initial radiotherapy].

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, therapeutic effects and normal tissue complications of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for locoregionally recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after initial radiotherapy.

Methods: Between August 1999 and August 2003, 27 such patients were treated with 3DCRT after initial radiotherapy. This series consisted of 25 men and 2 women with a median age of 64 years.

[SPECT lung perfusion scans in predicting radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients].

Objective: To evaluate single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) lung perfusion in predicting radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients.

Methods: From April 2003 to March 2004, 31 lung cancer patients treated with radical radiotherapy received SPECT lung perfusion scans, among whom, 23 had had perfusion scans both before and at the time of 40 Gy irradiation. The perfusion changes in the region of interest (ROI) after irradiation were obtained through comparing post-radiotherapy with pre-radiotherapy average proportion of SPECT counts within the ROI relative to average counts of the whole lung.

[Influence of the number of lymph node metastasis on survival and significance of postoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma].

Objective: To analyze the influence of the number of lymph node metastasis on survival and prophylactic postoperative radiotherapy after radical resection of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.

Methods: Four hundred and ninety-five patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancer who had undergone radical resection were randomly divided into surgery group alone (S, 275) and surgery plus radiotherapy group (S + R, 220). The patients were classified into three groups: Group A: 234 patients (47.

Assessment of the protective effect of amifostine on radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity.

The objective of this study was to assess the radioprotective effects of amifostine in the rat model of radiation-induced lung injury using fractionated doses of radiation, to determine whether amifostine given before irradiation protects tumor from radiation cytotoxicity, and to determine whether changes in plasma levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta correlate with radioprotective effect of amifostine. R3230 AC mammary adenocarcinoma was transplanted on the right posterior chest wall of female Fisher-344 rats. Both tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing animals were irradiated to the tumor or right lung using 4 MV photons and fractionated dose of 35 Gy/5 fractions/5 days.

A small molecular weight catalytic metalloporphyrin antioxidant with superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic properties protects lungs from radiation-induced injury.

Radiation therapy (RT) is an important therapeutic modality in the treatment of thoracic tumors. The maximum doses to these tumors are often limited by the radiation tolerance of lung tissues. Lung injury from ionizing radiation is believed to be a consequence of oxidative stress and a cascade of cytokine activity.

Radioprotection of lungs by amifostine is associated with reduction in profibrogenic cytokine activity.

Radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients irradiated for lung cancer, breast cancer, lymphoma or thymoma. Amifostine is an important drug in the emerging field of cytoprotection. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of radiation-induced injury at the molecular and cellular levels have stimulated interest in the development of effective radioprotective strategies.