Bacterial and host fucosylation maintain IgA homeostasis to limit intestinal inflammation in mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with several genetic risk loci. Loss-of-function mutation in the α1,2-fucosyltransferase (fut2) gene, which alters fucosylation on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, is one example. However, whether bacterial fucosylation can contribute to gut inflammation is unclear.

On chip control and detection of complex SPP and waveguide modes based on plasmonic interconnect circuits.

Optical interconnects, leveraging surface plasmon modes, are revolutionizing high-performance computing and AI, overcoming the limitations of electrical interconnects in speed, energy efficiency, and miniaturization. These nanoscale photonic circuits integrate on-chip light manipulation and signal conversion, marking significant advancements in optoelectronics and data processing efficiency. Here, we present a novel plasmonic interconnect circuit, by introducing refractive index matching layer, the device supports both pure SPP and different hybrid modes, allowing selective excitation and transmission based on light wavelength and polarization, followed by photocurrent conversion.

Pixelated Toroidal Metasurface Sensor with Broadband Terahertz Fingerprint Enhancement for Biochemical Trace Detection.

Terahertz (THz) trace fingerprint detection is essential for identifying the characteristic biomolecular absorption fingerprints from inherent molecular rotational and vibrational modes. Plasmonic THz resonance shows a way to enhance the recognition of biomolecular absorption fingerprint spectra. In this research, we experimentally demonstrate a broadband THz fingerprint metasensor based on a pixelated toroidal metasurface, showcasing excellent capabilities in biochemical trace detection.

RBM15 increase tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cell in ESCC modulating of PLOD3.

Background: Collagen, a primary protein component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), undergoes a notable series of alterations concomitant with the growth of the tumor. Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3 (PLOD3) is involved in the synthesis of collagen and has been associated with a variety of cancers. However, it is unclear how PLOD3 functions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Bimetallic sulfides based hybrid anodes are constructed for high-performance lithium ion batteries.

Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) are considered as one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in virtue of their high theoretical specific capacity, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the intrinsic poor electron/ion transport, large volume change and the shuttle effect of polysulfides hinder their achievement of superb rate capability and cycle performance. Compared with the monometallic sulfides, bimetallic sulfides have superior electron transport capability and higher electrochemical activity.

Senolytic cocktail dasatinib and quercetin attenuates chronic high altitude hypoxia associated bone loss in mice.

Chronic high-altitude hypoxia (CHH) induces irreversible abnormalities in various organisms. Emerging evidence indicates that CHH markedly suppresses bone mass and bone strength. Targeting senescent cells and the consequent senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with senolytics is a recently developed novel therapy for multiple age-related diseases.

Isoquercitrin Loaded PEGylated Long Circulating Liposomes Improve Bone Mass and Reduce Oxidative Stress After Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis has increasingly become a major public health concern because of its associated heightened risk of bone fragility and fractures. In order to avoid the adverse risk of hormone therapy, scientists have considered isoquercitrin (IQ) as a natural phytoestrogen to potentially prevent osteoporosis. However, IQ has poor solubility and bioavailability which culminates in rapid elimination of phytoestrogen.

Lycium barbarum oligosaccharide-derived carbon quantum dots inhibit glial scar formation while promoting neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells.

Overexpression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in activated astrocytes following spinal cord injury is closely associated with glial scar formation, which harms axonal regrowth. In this study, we prepared ultrasmall cationic carbon quantum dots (CQDs) via one-step hydrothermal carbonization. Lycium barbarum oligosaccharides were used as the carbon source for the first time, and polyetherimide (PEI) and ethylenediamine (ED) were used as cationic reagents.

Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma: An Integrated Analysis.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a highly lethal malignancy. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) plays a crucial role in targeted therapies for lung cancer and in the progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma. However, the role of LLPS in the progression and prognosis of LUAD remains insufficiently explored.

Anti-inflammatory oligosaccharide licensed mesenchymal stem cells allow prolonged survival of septic rats via the promotion of glutathione synthesis.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the capability to mitigate multiorgan failure (MOF) and reduce mortality rates in sepsis. However, their survival is significantly limited due to oxidative stress responses triggered by excessive sepsis inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated that the paracrine effect of MSCs can be enhanced by cytokine stimuli such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, a process known as inflammatory licensing.

Unprejudiced Training Auxiliary Tasks Makes Primary Better: A Multitask Learning Perspective.

Human beings can leverage knowledge from relative tasks to improve learning on a primary task. Similarly, multitask learning (MTL) methods suggest using auxiliary tasks to enhance a neural network's performance on a specific primary task. However, previous methods often select auxiliary tasks carefully but treat them as secondary during training.

A UPLC-MS/MS coupled with GC-MS method for quantification of twenty-one chemical ingredients from Suxiao Jiuxin pill in multiple tissue of rat and its application to tissue distribution study.

Suxiao Jiuxin pill (SJP) was a commonly-used traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular diseases. It was composed of the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. and Borneolum Syntheticum.

Relation Knowledge Distillation by Auxiliary Learning for Object Detection.

Balancing the trade-off between accuracy and speed for obtaining higher performance without sacrificing the inference time is a challenging topic for object detection task. Knowledge distillation, which serves as a kind of model compression techniques, provides a potential and feasible way to handle above efficiency and effectiveness issue through transferring the dark knowledge from the sophisticated teacher detector to the simple student one. Despite demonstrating promising solutions to make harmonies between accuracy and speed, current knowledge distillation for object detection methods still suffer from two limitations.

Isolation, Purification of Phenolic Glycoside 1 from Moringa oleifera Seeds and Formulation of Its Liposome Delivery System.

In this study, N, N '-bis {4- [(α-L- rhamnosyloxy) benzyl]} thiourea (PG-1), a phenolic glycoside compound was purified from Moringa seed. The PG-1 has attracted extensive attention due to its anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties. However, some of its physicochemical properties such as oral bioavailability has not been studied.

Plant-derived exosomes extracted from L. loaded with isoliquiritigenin to promote spinal cord injury repair based on 3D printed bionic scaffold.

Plant-derived exosomes (PEs) possess an array of therapeutic properties, including antitumor, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory capabilities. They are also implicated in defensive responses to pathogenic attacks. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) regeneration represents a global medical challenge, with appropriate research concentration on three pivotal domains: neural regeneration promotion, inflammation inhibition, and innovation and application of regenerative scaffolds.

Acovenosigenin A β-glucoside mediates JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway by targeting GP130 in A549 and H460 cells based on integrative analysis of transcriptome and proteome and biological verification.

Acovenosigenin A β-glucoside (AAG) is a cardiac glycoside derived from Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr, which exhibited the potential in treating lung cancer in our previous research. However, the action mechanism remains unclear.

Platelet Membrane-Coated Curcumin-PLGA Nanoparticles Promote Astrocyte-Neuron Transdifferentiation for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Treatment.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a hemorrhagic disease with high mortality and disability rates. Curcumin is a promising drug for ICH treatment due to its multiple biological activities, but its application is limited by its poor watersolubility and instability. Herein, platelet membrane-coated curcumin polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (PCNPs) are prepared to achieve significantly improved solubility, stability, and sustained release of curcumin.

Dual-molecular targeting nanomedicine upregulates synergistic therapeutic efficacy in preclinical hepatoma models.

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most challenging cancers because of its heterogeneous and aggressive nature, precluding the use of curative treatments. Sorafenib (SOR) is the first approved molecular targeting agent against the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway for the noncurative therapy of advanced HCC; yet, any clinically meaningful benefits from the treatment remain modest, and are accompanied by significant side effects. Here, we hypothesized that using a nanomedicine platform to co-deliver SOR with another molecular targeting drug, metformin (MET), could tackle these issues.

A fungal polysaccharide from Fomitopsis officinalis as a multi-target molecule to combat cancer.

Some macrofungi have a long history of being used as traditional or folk medicines, making significant contributions to human health. To discover bioactive molecules with potential anticancer properties, a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide (FOBP90-1) was purified from the medicinal macrofungus Fomitopsis officinalis. FOBP90-1 was found to have a molecular weight of 2.

Differential metabolite analysis of the pharmacodynamic differences between different ratios of Dahuang ()-Taoren () herb pair.

Objective: To explore the material basis of the difference of efficacy of Dahuang ()-Taoren (e) (DT) drugs with different proportions.

Methods: Samples of different ratios of Dahuang (, DH) to Taoren (, TR) (Group A 1:1, B 2:3, C 3:2) were analyzed based on gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry untargeted metabolomics technique.

Results: A total of 240 primary metabolites were detected.

RD-OpenMax: Rethinking OpenMax for Robust Realistic Open-Set Recognition.

Open-set recognition (OSR) toward a practical open-world setting has attracted increasing research attention in recent years. However, existing OSR settings are either too idealized or focus on specific scenes such as long-tailed distribution and few-shot samples, which fail to capture the complexity of real-world scenarios. In this article, we propose a realistic OSR (ROSR) setting that covers a diverse range of challenging and real-world scenarios, including fine-grained cases with strong semantic correlation and a large number of species, few-shot samples, long-tailed sample distribution, dynamic inputs (e.

Development of a Specific Aptamer-Modified Nano-System to Treat Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent gastrointestinal cancer characterized by high mortality and an unfavorable prognosis. While combination therapies involving surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are advancing, targeted therapy for ESCC remains underdeveloped. As a result, the overall five-year survival rate for ESCC is still below 20%.

Bioactive components and potential mechanisms of Biqi Capsule in the treatment of osteoarthritis: based on chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity.

Cartilage damage and synovial inflammation are vital pathological changes in osteoarthritis (OA). Biqi Capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for the clinical treatment of arthritis in China, yields advantages in attenuating OA progression. The drawback here is that the bioactive components and pharmacological mechanisms by which Biqi Capsule exerts its anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects have yet to be fully clarified.