Termination of Palliative Chemotherapy Near the End of Life: A Retrospective Study of Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients.

Background: Palliative chemotherapy is commonly used for advanced cancer patients. The timing of chemotherapy termination is crucial for efforts to maintain quality of life.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included gastrointestinal cancer patients who were treated with chemotherapy and died between 2013 and 2022 at Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital.

The complete plastome of a cultivar of .

(Houtt.) Merr. is a deciduous tree in the family Anacardiaceae, which grows in lowland and hill forests; 100-1800 m.

Rapid progression of colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma with immunosuppressive condition: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare subtype of colorectal cancer and is characterized by an abundance of mucin in the tumor. In addition, the colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma often demonstrates poor differentiation in the histology of tumor cells and poor prognosis compared with those with adenocarcinoma. Here, we present the case of a young woman with colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma showing significantly rapid progression within four months of immunosuppressant therapy for Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Generation of Thyroid Tissues From Embryonic Stem Cells Blastocyst Complementation .

The generation of mature, functional, thyroid follicular cells from pluripotent stem cells would potentially provide a therapeutic benefit for patients with hypothyroidism, but differentiation remains difficult. We earlier reported the generation of lung organs blastocyst complementation in fibroblast growth factor 10 (), compound, heterozygous mutant ( Ex1/Ex3) mice. Fgf10 also plays an essential role in thyroid development and branching morphogenesis, but any role thereof in thyroid organogenesis remains unclear.

Genetic association between eNOS gene polymorphisms and risk of carotid atherosclerosis : A meta-analysis.

Background: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been reported to be involved in the atherosclerotic process. A number of studies have investigated the association between eNOS gene polymorphisms and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). However, the results are conflicting and inconclusive.

A New Method for CTC Images Recognition Based on Machine Learning.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) derived from primary tumors and/or metastatic tumors are markers for tumor prognosis, and can also be used to monitor therapeutic efficacy and tumor recurrence. Circulating tumor cells enrichment and screening can be automated, but the final counting of CTCs currently requires manual intervention. This not only requires the participation of experienced pathologists, but also easily causes artificial misjudgment.

Age-Based Comparison of Hematological Toxicity in Patients with Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Because of the increasing age of the general population, there is an increasing number of older patients with lung cancer. Cancer chemotherapy often causes severe hematological toxicity in older patients.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the risk factors affecting the hematological toxicity of cytotoxic anticancer drugs in patients with lung cancer.

Generation of Lungs by Blastocyst Complementation in Apneumic Fgf10-Deficient Mice.

The shortage of donor lungs hinders lung transplantation, the only definitive option for patients with end-stage lung disease. Blastocyst complementation enables the generation of transplantable organs from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in animal models. Pancreases and kidneys have been generated from PSCs by blastocyst complementation in rodent models.

Treatments and outcomes of older patients with esophageal cancer: Comparison with younger patients.

The number of older patients with esophageal cancer (EC) is increasing due to the population aging and increasing life expectancy. However, no optimal treatment strategy for older patients with EC has been established to date. The aim of the present study was to review and compare the treatment modalities and outcomes of 990 younger and older patients diagnosed with EC in our institution.

Treatment of Gastric and Gastroesophageal Cancer Patients with Hemodialysis by CapeOX.

Two patients underwent hemodialysis. Case 1 with stage IV gastric cancer was treated with reduced doses of capecitabine (1,000 mg/m/day, days 1 to 14) and oxaliplatin (65 mg/m, day 1). Although grade 1 thrombocytopenia occurred in the first cycle, grade 3 thrombocytopenia developed in the second cycle because of increasing dosage.

MicroRNAs control eyelid development through regulating Wnt signaling.

Background: The timing, location, and level of gene expression are crucial for normal organ development, because morphogenesis requires strict genetic control. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small single-stranded RNAs that play a critical role in regulating gene expression level. Although miRNAs are known to be involved in many biological events, the role of miRNAs in organogenesis is not fully understood.

Cancers among adolescents and young adults at one institution in Japan.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer often live long lives following treatment and face many life events. No detailed studies of cancers in AYAs have described the epidemiology, treatment outcome, and social status in Japan. The present study defined AYAs as those aged 15-29 years old based on the US National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.

Trachea Engineering Using a Centrifugation Method and Mouse-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

The outcomes of tracheal transplantation for the treatment of airway stenosis are unsatisfactory. We investigated the feasibility of regeneration of the trachea using a rat decellularized tracheal scaffold and mouse-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for in vivo transplantation. The rat trachea was first decellularized using a detergent/enzymatic treatment method.

The Prognostic Nutrition Index Predicts the Development of Hematological Toxicities in and the Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated with Cisplatin Plus 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy.

The prognostic nutrition index (PNI), calculated based on serum albumin and lymphocyte counts, predicts the prognosis of several cancers, including operated esophageal cancers. In this study, we determined whether PNI could predict the occurrence of severe adverse events by chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy, and overall survival in esophageal cancer. We collected data from 191 patients with esophageal cancer treated with at least one course of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil from 2005 to 2016.

IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation down-regulates miR-506 expression to promotes osteosarcoma cell growth through JAG1.

Nowadays, the role of miRNA in tumorigenesis has been largely reported. It was found that miR-506 might be associated with tumorigenesis of various cancers. The present study was aimed to investigate the character of miR-506 and some related factors in human osteosarcoma (OS) carcinogenesis.

Inhibition of Glutaminolysis Inhibits Cell Growth via Down-regulating Mtorc1 Signaling in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Inhibition of glutaminolysis has been reported as a promising therapeutic strategy to target several solid carcinomas. We aimed to investigate the effects of glutaminolysis on cell proliferation in lung squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and to explore the potential of targeting glutaminolysis as an anticancer strategy.

Materials And Methods: Glutamine (Gln) dependence was assessed in six lung squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.

Myelosuppression by chemotherapy in obese patients with gynecological cancers.

Purpose: The American Society of Clinical Oncology provides clinical practice guidelines for appropriate cytotoxic chemotherapy dosing for obese adult patients with cancer. The panel recommends that actual body weight should be used when selecting cytotoxic chemotherapy doses regardless of obesity status. However, there have been no reports regarding the appropriate cytotoxic chemotherapy dosing for obese Japanese patients with cancer.

Effects of miR‑590 on oxLDL‑induced endothelial cell apoptosis: Roles of p53 and NF‑κB.

Oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (oxLDL)‑induced endothelial cell apoptosis is considered to be important in atherogenesis. MicroRNA (miR)‑590 has been reported to inhibit oxLDL‑induced endothelial cell apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibition of oxLDL‑induced endothelial cell apoptosis by miR‑590 remains to be elucidated.

A case of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are an uncommon malignancy arising from the neuroendocrine cells of pancreas. Most cases of pNETs present with metastatic disease, but there are few reports in the literature describing pNETs metastasis to the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes [1]. Moreover, although a multimodal treatment including surgical resection and chemotherapy is acceptable for management of pNETs, advanced pNETs still remain a difficult therapeutic challenge [2, 3].

Differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into alveolar epithelial cells in vitro for use in vivo.

Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent new opportunities in lung tissue engineering and cell therapy. In this study, we modified a two-step protocol for embryonic stem cells that resulted in a yield of ∼9% surfactant protein C (SPC)(+) alveolar epithelial type II (AEC II) cells from mouse iPSCs in a 12-day period. The differentiated iPSCs showed morphological characteristics similar to those of AEC II cells.

A change in the number of CCSP(pos)/SPC(pos) cells in mouse lung during development, growth, and repair.

Background: Putative resident stem/progenitor cells have been identified in the bronchoalveolar duct junction (BADJ) of the murine lung. However, the contribution of stem cells expressing both Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) and pro-surfactant protein C (SP-C) to the repair and maintenance of normal homeostasis is still unclear. In this study, we identified and then quantified CD45(neg)/CCSP(pos)/SP-C(pos) cell numbers in normal and lung-injured mice.

Methylation of the KEAP1 gene promoter region in human colorectal cancer.

Background: The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway has been reported to be impaired in several cancers. However, the status of Keap1-Nrf2 system in human colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been elucidated.

Methods: We used colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and surgical specimens to investigate the methylation status of the KEAP1 promoter region as well as expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidative stress genes, NQO-1 and AKR1C1.

[Routing reseach of vas deferens on anatomy and clinical application].

Objective: Studying on the routes of vas deferens to provide anatomy basis for surgical operation, especially, reconstruction of long segment loss of vas deferens.

Methods: The routes of vas deferens were observed and anatomic distances along epididymal, infrainguinal, inguinal, retroperitoneal and ampullar segments of vas deferens, the distances from external ring to extremity of vas deferens were measured respectively in 18 formalin fixed adult cadavers.

Results: The vas deferens have a large curve from external ring to extremity in its route, draw it out from the external ring.