Unveiling mycoviral diversity in through transcriptome analyses.

, an entomopathogenic fungus, infects larvae from the Lepidoptera: Hepialidae family, forming the valuable Chinese cordyceps. Mycoviruses are widespread across major lineages of filamentous fungi, oomycetes, and yeasts and have the potential to influence fungal biology and ecology. This study aimed to detect mycovirus within by isolating double-stranded RNA from six stains for transcriptomic sequencing and analyzing publicly available transcriptome data from 13 representative samples.

Generation and characterization of a novel ovariole cell line derived from Spodoptera frugiperda in China with sensitivity to both SfMNPV and AcMNPV.

Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), belonging to the species Alphabaculovirus spofrugiperdae, has been recently registered as an insecticide in China. This virus has a specific effect on the global major agricultural pest Spodoptera frugiperda. To gain insights into viral infection, replication processes, and the complex formation of viral particles, in vitro studies using cell lines are essential tools.

Sequencing, Analysis and Organization of the Complete Genome of a Novel Baculovirus Nucleopolyhedrovirus (CaabNPV).

, a virus family characterized by a single large double stranded DNA, encompasses the majority of viral bioinsecticides, representing a highly promising and environmentally friendly pesticide approach to insect control. This study focuses on the characterization of a baculovirus isolated from larvae of (Erebidae, Lymantriidae) collected in Mongolian pinaceae forests. This new isolate was called nucleopolyhedrovirus (CaabNPV).

Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses of in Response to Infection.

exhibits more than 5 months of vegetative growth in hemocoel. The peculiar development process of has been elucidated through morphological observation and omics technology; however, little information has been reported regarding the changes that occur in the host . The RNA sequencing data showed that when blastospores were in the proliferative stage, the greatest change in the infected larval fat body was the selectively upregulated immune recognition and antimicrobial peptide genes.

Metabolic changes during larval-pupal metamorphosis of Helicoverpa armigera.

Energy metabolism is essential for insect metamorphosis. The accumulation and utilization of energy is still not completely clear during larval-pupal metamorphosis of holometabolous insects. We used metabolome and transcriptome analysis to reveal key metabolic changes in the fat body and plasma and the underlying metabolic regulation mechanism of Helicoverpa armigera, an important global agricultural insect pest, during larval-pupal metamorphosis.

The invasion process of the entomopathogenic fungus into the larvae of ghost moths () using a GFP-labeled strain.

Chinese cordyceps is a well-known and valuable traditional Chinese medicine that forms after parasitizes ghost moth larvae. The low natural infection rate of limits large-scale artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps, and the invasion process is unclear. To investigate the temporal and spatial regulation when enters ghost moths, we constructed an transformant that stably expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP).

Conceptual framework for the insect metamorphosis from larvae to pupae by transcriptomic profiling, a case study of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Background: Insect metamorphosis from larvae to pupae is one of the most important stages of insect life history. Relatively comprehensive information related to gene transcription profiles during lepidopteran metamorphosis is required to understand the molecular mechanism underlying this important stage. We conducted transcriptional profiling of the brain and fat body of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) during its transition from last instar larva into pupa to explore the physiological processes associated with different phases of metamorphosis.

Immulectin-2 from the ghost moth, Thitarodes xiaojinensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), modulates cellular and humoral responses against fungal infection.

C type-lectins constitute a large family of pattern recognition receptors, playing important roles in insect immune defenses. Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae showed distinct immune features after Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps militaris, or Beauveria bassiana infection. Based on transcriptome and immunoblot analysis, we found that immulectin-2 (IML2) was induced after T.

Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate exposure leads to low egg production and poor eggshell quality via disrupting follicular development and shell gland function in laying hens.

Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) has been used commercially as a plasticizer and a flame retardant, which has been reported to cause multiple toxicities in humans and other animals. However, the effect of TOCP on female reproductive system is still unclear. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of TOCP in female avian and investigate its molecular mechanism.

Distinct Responses of β-1,3-Glucan Recognition Protein-1 and Immulectin-8 to and Infection.

Melanization and encapsulation are prominent defense responses against microbes detected by pattern recognition receptors of their host insects. In the ghost moth , an activated immune system can melanize and encapsulate the fungus However, these responses were hardly detected in the host hemolymph postinfection of another fungus The immune interaction between and the host remains largely unknown, which hinders the artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps. We found that β-1,3-glucan recognition protein-1 (βGRP1) was needed for prophenoloxidase activation induced by Failure of βGRP1 to recognize is a primary reason for the lack of melanization in the infected host.

Genome sequence and organization of the Mythimna (formerly Pseudaletia) unipuncta granulovirus Hawaiian strain.

Purified occlusion bodies (OBs) of Mythimna (formerly Pseudaletia) unipuncta (the true armyworm) granulovirus Hawaiian strain (MyunGV-A) were observed, showing typical GV morphological characteristics under scanning and transmission electron microscopy (EM). The genome of MyunGV-A was completely sequenced and analysed. The genome is 176,677 bp in size, with a G+C content of 39.

Changes in transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of morphotypes of Ophiocordyceps sinensis within the hemocoel of its host larvae, Thitarodes xiaojinensis.

Background: Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) is a well-known entomopathogenic and medicinal fungus. It parasitizes and mummifies the underground ghost moth larvae to produce a fruiting body named Chinese cordyceps.

Genome Analysis of a Novel Clade b Isolated from the Legume Pest (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

is a Lepidopteran pest that primarily feeds on numerous species of cultivated legumes, such as and . It is widely distributed in northeast Asia. A novel granulovirus, designated as (MaphGV), was isolated from pathogenic larvae that dwell in rolled leaves of , a Chinese medicinal herb.

Transcriptomic analysis of the orchestrated molecular mechanisms underlying fruiting body initiation in Chinese cordyceps.

Chinese cordyceps, the fruiting body of the Chinese caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis, syn. Cordyceps sinensis), is among the most valuable traditional Chinese medicine fungi. Transcriptomic analysis of O.

A New High-Quality Draft Genome Assembly of the Chinese Cordyceps Ophiocordyceps sinensis.

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) is an entomopathogenic fungus endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It parasitizes and mummifies the underground ghost moth larvae, then produces a fruiting body.

A Greenhouse Test to Explore and Evaluate Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Insect Traps in the Monitoring and Control of .

Population control of small sucking insects has been challenging, and alternative control methods are constantly being sought. Visual traps have long been used to monitor and control pests. Colored sticky cards are widely used for diurnal pests, but their effects are influenced by environmental light conditions.

Vegetative development and host immune interaction of Ophiocordyceps sinensis within the hemocoel of the ghost moth larva, Thitarodes xiaojinensis.

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is an entomopathogenic fungus that infects ghost moth larva, forming the most valuable and rare traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese cordyceps. Our knowledge of the basic morphology and developmental biology of Chinese cordyceps is limited. In this study, morphological and ultrastructural observations of O.

Metabolomics reveals the key role of oxygen metabolism in heat susceptibility of an alpine-dwelling ghost moth, Thitarodes xiaojinensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae).

Ghost moths inhabiting the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau are cold-adapted stenothermal organisms that are susceptible to heat (dead within 7 days at 27 °C exposure). Exploring the metabolic basis of their heat susceptibility would extend our understanding of the thermal biology of alpine-dwelling invertebrates. Here, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was combined with physiological and transcriptional approaches to determine the metabolic mechanisms of heat susceptibility in Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae.

Comparative analysis of C-type lectin domain proteins in the ghost moth, Thitarodes xiaojinensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae).

Insects have a large family of C-type lectins involved in cell adhesion, pathogen recognition and activation of immune responses. In this study, 32 transcripts encoding C-type lectin domain proteins (CTLDPs) were identified from the Thitarodes xiaojinensis transcriptome. According to their domain structures, six CTLDPs with one carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) were classified into the CTL-S subfamily.

Metabolic insights into the cold survival strategy and overwintering of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a destructive pest in Asia. Although overwintering in the field has not been reported for this species, their larvae are capable of long-term survival in fluctuating temperatures, i.e.

Antioxidant activities of protein hydrolysates obtained from the housefly larvae.

The housefly is an important resource insect and the housefly larvae are ideal source of food additives. The housefly larvae protein hydrolysates were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis by alcalase and neutral proteinase. Their antioxidant activities were investigated, including the superoxide and hydroxyl radicalscavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, reducing power and metal chelating activity.

Cold adaptation mechanisms in the ghost moth Hepialus xiaojinensis: Metabolic regulation and thermal compensation.

Ghost moths (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) are cold-adapted stenothermal species inhabiting alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. They have an optimal developmental temperature of 12-16 °C but can maintain feeding and growth at 0 °C. Their survival strategies have received little attention, but these insects are a promising model for environmental adaptation.