Not Another Dual Attention UNet Transformer (NNDA-UNETR): a plug-and-play parallel dual attention block in U-Net with enhanced residual blocks for medical image segmentation.

Background: Medical image segmentation is crucial for clinical diagnostics and treatment planning. Recently, hybrid models often neglect the local modeling capabilities of Transformers for medical image segmentation, despite the complementary nature of local information from both convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformers. This limitation is particularly problematic in multi-organ segmentation, where organs are closely adhered, and accurate delineation is essential.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 1-amido-2-one-4-thio-deoxypyranose as potential antitumor agents for multiple myeloma.

This study reported the design and synthesis of novel 1-amido-2-one-4-thio-deoxypyranose as inhibitors of potential drug target TRIP13 for developing new mechanism-based therapeutic agents in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). In comparison with the positive control DCZ0415, the most active compounds C16, C18, C20 and C32 exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity against human MM cell lines (ARP-1 and NCI-H929) with IC values of 1 ∼ 2 μM. While the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and ATPase activity assays demonstrated that the representative compound C20 is a potent inhibitor of TRIP13, C20 also showed good antitumor activity in vivo on BALB/c nude mice xenografted with MM tumor cells.

Enhancement of the Performance of Large Language Models in Diabetes Education through Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Comparative Study.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) demonstrated advanced performance in processing clinical information. However, commercially available LLMs lack specialized medical knowledge and remain susceptible to generating inaccurate information. Given the need for self-management in diabetes, patients commonly seek information online.

Deciphering the impact of aging on splenic endothelial cell heterogeneity and immunosenescence through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.

Background: Aging is associated with significant structural and functional changes in the spleen, leading to immunosenescence, yet the detailed effects on splenic vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and their immunomodulatory roles are not fully understood. In this study, a single-cell RNA (scRNA) atlas of EC transcriptomes from young and aged mouse spleens was constructed to reveal age-related molecular changes, including increased inflammation and reduced vascular development and also the potential interaction between splenic endothelial cells and immune cells.

Results: Ten clusters of splenic endothelial cells were identified.

EZH2 inhibition induces senescence via ERK1/2 signaling pathway in multiple myeloma.

Epigenetic modifications play an important role in cellular senescence, and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a key methyltransferase involved in epigenetic remodeling in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We have previously demonstrated that GSK126, a specific EZH2 inhibitor, exhibits anti-MM therapeutic efficacy and safety and ; however, its specific mechanism remains unclear. This study shows that GSK126 induces cellular senescence in MM, which is characterized by the accumulation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and p21, and increased senescence-associated β galactosidase activity.

Seasonal migration pattern of an important rice pest, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), on Hainan Island, China.

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) (BPH), is a major, regionally migratory pest of rice in Asia. Despite intensive migratory studies, the seasonal migratory pattern of this species in the year-round breeding region (i.e.

Intraocular mRNA delivery with endogenous MmPEG10-based virus-like particles.

Virus-like particles (VLP) are a promising tool for intracellular gene delivery, yet their potential in ocular gene therapy remains underexplored. In this study, we bridged this knowledge gap by demonstrating the successful generation and application of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG)-pseudotyped mouse PEG10 (MmPEG10)-VLP for intraocular mRNA delivery. Our findings revealed that PEG10-VLP can efficiently deliver GFP mRNA to adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19 (ARPE-19) cells, leading to transient expression.

Microsaccades reflect attention shifts: a mini review of 20 years of microsaccade research.

Microsaccades are small, involuntary eye movements that occur during fixation. Since the 1950s, researchers have conducted extensive research on the role of microsaccades in visual information processing, and found that they also play an important role in human advanced visual cognitive activities. Research over the past 20 years further suggested that there is a close relationship between microsaccades and visual attention, yet lacking a timely review.

CD169 classical monocyte as an important participant in Graves' ophthalmopathy through CXCL12-CXCR4 axis.

Patients with Graves' disease (GD) can develop Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), but the underlying pathological mechanisms driving this development remain unclear. In our study, which included patients with GD and GO, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multiplatform analyses to investigate CD169 classical monocytes, which secrete proinflammatory cytokines and are expanded through activated interferon signaling. We found that CD169 clas_mono was clinically significant in predicting GO progression and prognosis, and differentiated into CD169 macrophages that promote inflammation, adipogenesis, and fibrosis.

Dihydrocelastrol induces cell death and suppresses angiogenesis through BCR/AP-1/junb signalling in diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although treatment options have improved, a large proportion of patients show low survival rates, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the new small-molecule compound dihydrocelastrol (DHCE), acquired through the structural modification of celastrol (CE), in the treatment of DLBCL.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of BiOCO/BiOBr/reduced graphene oxide Z-schemehe terojunction via a one-pot room-temperature synthesis.

BiOCO(BOC)/BiOBr(BOB)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) Z-scheme heterojunction with promising photocatalytic properties was synthesized via a facile one-pot room-temperature method. Ultra-thin nanosheets of BOC and BOB were grown in situ on rGO. The formed 2D/2D direct Z-scheme heterojunction of BOC/BOB with oxygen vacancies (OVs) effectively leads to lower negative electron reduction potential of BOB as well as higher positive hole oxidation potential of BOC, showing improved reduction/oxidation ability.

Berberine derivative DCZ0358 induce oxidative damage by ROS-mediated JNK signaling in DLBCL cells.

The most common neoplasm among adult lymphomas is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), typically characterized by pain-free and progressive lymph node enlargement. Due to high heterogeneity of DLBCL, 30-40 % of patients are resistant to R-CHOP standard chemoimmunotherapy. DCZ0358 is a new compound designed and synthesized from berberine by our group and the molecular mechanism by which it inhibited DLBCL growth has attracted our widespread attention.

The RBPMS mouse line for studying retinal and vascular relevant diseases.

RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) plays a crucial role in cardiac mesoderm specification and cardiovascular development, as well as being a typical marker for whole retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, there is a lack of animal models to spatiotemporally trace the location and function of RBPMS-expressing cells . In this study, we develop a tamoxifen-inducible RBPMS-tdTomato reporter mouse line to track RBPMS-expressing cells during embryogenesis and adulthood.

Single-cell chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic characterization of Behcet's disease.

Behect's disease is a chronic vasculitis characterized by complex multi-organ immune aberrations. However, a comprehensive understanding of the gene-regulatory profile of peripheral autoimmunity and the diverse immune responses across distinct cell types in Behcet's disease (BD) is still lacking. Here, we present a multi-omic single-cell study of 424,817 cells in BD patients and non-BD individuals.

Molecular mechanism by which RRM2-inhibitor (cholagogue osalmid) plus bafilomycin A1 cause autophagic cell death in multiple myeloma.

Despite significant improvement in the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM), the disease remains incurable; thus, more effective therapies are required. Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) is significantly associated with drug resistance, rapid relapse, and poor prognosis. Previously, we found that 4-hydroxysalicylanilide (osalmid), a specific inhibitor of RRM2, exhibits anti-MM activity in vitro, in vivo, and in human patients; however, the mechanism remains unclear.

NOD2 silencing promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits drug resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Recent years have witnessed increasing studies on the effect of epigenetic silencing of genes in the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This study investigates whether the nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) participates in the cell apoptosis and drug resistance of CLL cells. Cells were treated with adriamycin (ADR), etoposide, aclacinomycin and daunorubicin.

Insights gained from single-cell RNA analysis of murine endothelial cells in aging hearts.

Aging is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with progressive decline in the function of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) with age. Systematic analyses of the effects of aging on different cardiac EC types remain limited. Here, we constructed a scRNA atlas of EC transcriptomes in young and old mouse hearts.

Assessing the effects of aging on the renal endothelial cell landscape using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Endothelial cells (ECs) with senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) have been identified as a key mechanism of aging that contributes to various age-related kidney diseases. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to create a transcriptome atlas of murine renal ECs and identify transcriptomic changes that occur during aging. We identified seven different subtypes of renal ECs, with glomerular ECs and angiogenic ECs being the most affected by senescence.

Ecology, invasion history and biodiversity-driven management of the coconut black-headed caterpillar in Asia.

The coconut black-headed caterpillar (BHC), Walker (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) is an important herbivore of palm trees that originates in South Asia. Over the past decades, has spread to several countries in Eastern and Southeast Asia. BHC larval feeding can cause severe defoliation and occasional plant death, resulting in direct production losses (e.

Integrative Single-Cell RNA-Seq and ATAC-Seq Analysis of Mouse Corneal Epithelial Cells.

Purpose: Corneal epithelial homeostasis is maintained by coordinated gene expression across distinct cell populations, but the gene regulatory programs underlying this cellular diversity remain to be characterized. Here we applied single-cell multi-omics analysis to delineate the gene regulatory profile of mouse corneal epithelial cells under normal homeostasis.

Methods: Single cells isolated from the cornea epithelium (with marginal conjunctiva) of adult mice were subjected to scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq using the 10×Genomics platform.

Assessing the effects of aging on the liver endothelial cell landscape using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Endothelial cell (EC) function declines with age and contributes to the development of many vascular-related disease processes. Currently, the effects of aging on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of liver ECs have not been fully elucidated. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to map the transcriptome of ECs and analyzed their relationship with aging.

Identification and Assessment of Necroptosis-Related Genes in Clinical Prognosis and Immune Cells in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: With the unveiling of new mechanisms and the advent of new drugs, the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) becomes promising, but some patients still progress to the relapse or refractory stage. Necroptosis, as a relatively novel programmed cell death, is involved in the development of multiple tumors. There are no relevant studies on the prognostic significance of necroptosis in DLBCL to date.