Temperature-Switch-Controlled Second Harmonic Mode Sensor for Brain-Tissue Detection.

Identifying brain-tissue types holds significant research value in the biomedical field of non-contact brain-tissue measurement applications. In this paper, a layered metastructure is proposed, and the second harmonic generation (SHG) in a multilayer metastructure is derived using the transfer matrix method. With the SHG conversion efficiency (CE) as the measurement signal, the refractive index ranges that can be distinguished are 1.

Corrigendum: Prognostic values and clinical significance of S100 family member's individualized mRNA expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.

Corrigendum: Prognostic Values and Clinical Significance of S100 Family Member's Individualized mRNA Expression in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.

Prognostic Values and Clinical Significance of S100 Family Member's Individualized mRNA Expression in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. S100 family (S100s) is wildly involved in regulating the occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and drug resistance of many malignant tumors. However, the expression pattern, prognostic value, and oncological role of individual S100s members in PAAD need to be elucidated.

What dominates the changeable pharmacokinetics of natural sesquiterpene lactones and diterpene lactones: a review focusing on absorption and metabolism.

Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) and diterpene lactones (DTLs) are two groups of common phytochemicals with similar structures. It's frequently reported that both exhibit changeable pharmacokinetics (PK) , especially the unstable absorption and extensive metabolism. However, the recognition of their PK characteristics is still scattered.

Adapted nano-carriers for gastrointestinal defense components: surface strategies and challenges.

Nano-carriers (NCs) provide drugs with protective and oriented strategies. Despite their success in parenteral administration, NCs still need to be optimized to meet the more serious obstacles encountered in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The main defense mechanisms include renewing mucus, epithelial obstacles and digestion by GIT segments.

Comparative study of raw and processed Vladimiriae Radix on pharmacokinetic and anti-acute gastritis effect through anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation.

Background: Vladimiriae Radix (VR) is the dry root of Vladimiria souliei (Franch.) Ling or Vladimiria souliei (Franch.) Ling var.

Analysis of the similarities and differences between Auclandia and Vladimirae rhizomes by chemical profiling and chemometric analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Aucklandiae Radix (AR) and Vladimiriae Radix (VR), as traditional Chinese medicine, have been included in many editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia with similar efficacy such as promoting qi and relieving pain, which are used to treat chest, hypochondriac, abdominal fullness and pain, diarrhea and tenesmus. In most conditions, VR is used to be a substitute of AR or a local habit. However, whether VR could substitute for AR to play a same role in the formulation and clinical applications needs further study.

Antitumor activity and mechanism of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone: Two natural sesquiterpene lactones from the Asteraceae family.

Costunolide (COS) and dehydrocostus lactone (DEH) are two natural sesquiterpene lactones with potential antitcancer activity against a range of cancer cell types both in vitro and in vivo, particularly for breast cancer and leukemia. There are many researches that have been taken to characterize these pathways and to reveal their anticancer mechanisms of action of COS and DEH. However, while there is a great deal of evidence detailing the effects of COS and DEH on considerable signaling pathways and cellular functions, a global view of their mechanism of action remains elusive.

Mechanistic evaluation of gastro-protective effects of KangFuXinYe on indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats.

KangFuXinYe (KFX), the ethanol extract of the dried whole body of Periplaneta americana, is a well-known important Chinese medicine preparation that has been used to treat digestive diseases such as gastric ulcers for many years in China. However, its therapeutic effect and mechanism are not yet well understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the gastro-protective effects of KangFuXinYe (KFX) in indomethacin-induced gastric damage.

Quality assessment and differentiation of Aucklandiae Radix and Vladimiriae Radix based on GC-MS fingerprint and chemometrics analysis: basis for clinical application.

Vladimiriae Radix, a geo-authentic medicinal herb found in Sichuan Province in China, is highly similar in chemical composition and pharmacological activity to Aucklandiae Radix. It is often used in local practice and as a substitute for Aucklandiae Radix in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases. However, Vladimiriae Radix is preferred to Aucklandiae Radix in traditional Chinese medicine in Sichuan.

X4-Tropic Latent HIV-1 Is Enriched in Peripheral Follicular Helper T Cells and Is Correlated with Disease Progression.

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells have been shown to support productive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and to serve as a key component of the latent viral reservoir. However, the viral characteristics of this latent reservoir and the clinical relevance of this reservoir remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the tropic composition of latent viruses from peripheral TFH (pTFH), non-TFH memory, and naive CD4 T cells from individuals with HIV-1 infections on suppressive combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

CD161 CD4 T Cells Harbor Clonally Expanded Replication-Competent HIV-1 in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Individuals.

The presence of an extremely stable latent reservoir of HIV-1 is the major obstacle to eradication, despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Recent studies have shown that clonal expansion of latently infected cells without viral reactivation is an important phenomenon that maintains the long-term stability of the reservoir, yet its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that a subset of CD4 T cells, characterized by CD161 expression on the surface, is highly permissive for HIV-1 infection.

Comparative oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of phlorizin in rats having type 2 diabetes and in normal rats based on phase II metabolism.

Phlorizin (PHZ), a type of dihydrochalcone widely found in Rosaceae such as apples, is the first compound discovered as a sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitor. It has been confirmed to improve the symptoms of diabetes and diabetic complications effectively. Like other flavonoids, the bioavailability challenge of PHZ is the wide phase I and II metabolism in the digestive tract.

Medicare Advantage enrollees' use of nursing homes: trends and nursing home characteristics.

Objectives: To examine temporal trends in the prevalence of nursing home (NH) patients participating in Medicare Advantage (MA) and to identify the characteristics of both these patients and the NHs that provide care for them.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Data sources included the Medicare enrollment file, Minimum Data Set, and facility-level data from the Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting system.

Regional Variations: The Use Of Hospitals, Home Health, And Skilled Nursing In Traditional Medicare And Medicare Advantage.

In the traditional Medicare program, the use of health care services-particularly postacute care-varies substantially across geographic regions. Less is known about such variations in Medicare Advantage (MA), which is growing rapidly. Insurers that are paid on a risk basis, as in MA, may have incentives and tools to restrain the use of services, which could attenuate geographic variations.

Chemical Fingerprint and Quantitative Analysis for the Quality Evaluation of Docynia dcne Leaves by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Chemometrics Analysis.

Docynia dcne leaf from the genus of Docynia Dcne (including three species of Docynia delavayi, Docynia indica and Docynia longiunguis.) is an important raw material of local ethnic minority tea, ethnomedicines and food supplements in southwestern areas of China. However, D.

[Research status of Periplaneta americana with analyses and prospects of key issues].

Periplaneta americana is one of the common traditional Chinese medicines, which has a long application history. It can tonify spleen, promote blood circulation, induce diuresis to alleviate edema, and promote granulation. It is clinically used for the treatment of alimentary canal diseases, chronic heart failure, cutaneous lesion, periodontitis and other diseases.

Medicare Advantage Ratings And Voluntary Disenrollment Among Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease.

Populations with intensive health care needs and high care costs may be attracted to insurance plans that have high quality ratings, but patients may be likely to disenroll from a plan if their care needs are not met. We assessed the association between publicly reported Medicare Advantage plan star ratings and voluntary disenrollment of incident dialysis patients in the following year over the period 2007-13. We found that Medicare Advantage (MA) plans with lower star ratings had significantly higher rates of disenrollment by incident dialysis patients in the following year.

Association of Cost Sharing With Use of Home Health Services Among Medicare Advantage Enrollees.

Importance: Several policy proposals advocate introducing copayments for home health care in the Medicare program. To our knowledge, no prior studies have assessed this cost-containment strategy.

Objective: To determine the association of home health copayments with use of home health services.

Frame and frameless linear accelerator-based radiosurgery for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.

Purpose: We report outcome of linear accelerator (Linac)-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) utilizing rigid head frame (RF) and facemask (FM) immobilization.Method: From November 2008 to October 2012, 48 patients with idiopathic TGN underwent primary SRS by a dedicated Linac. RF immobilization was utilized for 34 patients, and frameless image-guided radiosurgery (IGRS) with FM immobilization was performed in 14 patients.

Is implementation of the care transitions intervention associated with cost avoidance after hospital discharge?

Background: Poorly-executed transitions out of the hospital contribute significant costs to the healthcare system. Several evidence-based interventions can reduce post-discharge utilization.

Objective: To evaluate the cost avoidance associated with implementation of the Care Transitions Intervention (CTI).

Effects of cancer comorbidity on disease management: making the case for diabetes education (a report from the SOAR program).

Individuals with type II diabetes have an increased risk of cancer diagnosis (relative risk [RR]=1.12-2.50) and mortality (RR=1.

Assessing the value of the diabetes educator.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education or training provided by diabetes educators in reducing complications and improving quality of life.

Methods: Commercial and Medicare payer-derived claims data were used to assess the relationship between DSME/T and cost. Unlike the prior study that examined diabetes education provided by all professionals, the current study focused on the value of interventions performed as part of formal accredited/recognized diabetes education programs provided by diabetes educators only.

Assessing the value of diabetes education.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of diabetes self-management education/training (DSME/T) on financial outcomes (cost of patient care).

Methods: Commercial and Medicare claims payer-derived datasets were used to assess whether patients who participate in diabetes education are more likely to follow recommendations for care than similar patients who do not participate in diabetes education, and if claims of patients who participate in diabetes education are lower than those of similar patients who do not.

Results: Patients using diabetes education have lower average costs than patients who do not use diabetes education.