Imaging Patients with Kidney Failure.

The approach to imaging a patient with kidney failure continues to evolve. Overstatement of the risk of iodinated contrast material-induced (ie, contrast-induced) acute kidney injury and new guidelines for administration of gadolinium-based contrast media affect screening and the choice of contrast material. Treatment of kidney failure requires dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Complete response in Patients With Lung-Only Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Outcome Analysis.

Lung-only metastatic prostate cancer can be seen in 4.6% of patients and historically patients with visceral metastastic disease are considered high risk. In order to determine survival outcomes in this patient population, we conducted a restrospective review of patients with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer with lung-only metastases.

Fat Necrosis Mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma Recurrence Following Cryotherapy, Partial Nephrectomy, and Nephrectomy.

Objective: To present our experience with three patients surgically treated for suspected recurrent renal cell carcinoma whose final pathology was consistent with tumefactive fat necrosis.

Methods: Three patients underwent definitive therapy for biopsy proven renal cell carcinoma (cryoablation, partial nephrectomy, and nephrectomy) and later demonstrated evidence of recurrent renal cell carcinoma on follow up imaging. All three patients underwent surgical resection of the suspected recurrences with final pathology consistent with tumefactive fat necrosis.

Association of Ancillary Pathology Findings in Non-neoplastic Renal Parenchyma and Renal Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy.

To evaluate robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) renal outcomes associated with ancillary pathology findings in non-neoplastic renal parenchymal tissue. Tissue samples from 378 RAPNs were analyzed for glomerular disease (GD), vascular disease (VD), and tubulointerstitial disease (TD). One hundred and fifty-two patients were excluded due to insufficient non-neoplastic tissue for analysis and 4 patients were excluded due to calyceal diverticulum.

Case report expanding the germline AXIN2- related phenotype to include olfactory neuroblastoma and gastric adenoma.

Background: Pathogenic AXIN2 variants cause absence of permanent teeth (hypodontia), sparse hair and eye brows (ectodermal dysplasia), and gastrointestinal polyps and cancer. Inheritance is autosomal dominant with variable penetrance. Only twenty- five patients have been reported from five families.

Case of aggressive metastatic follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma with BRAF K601E and BCORL1 mutations.

BCL6 corepressor like-1 (BCORL1) mutation has rarely been described in thyroid cancer or in association with BRAF mutations in any malignancy. However, we report a 49-year-old woman who had aggressive follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FV-PTC) with both the BRAF K601E and BCORL1 mutations. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy for a 3.

Subaortic Membrane Papillary Fibroelastoma.

A 61-year-old male presented for an annual exam and received a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) which revealed a mobile mass arising from a subaortic membrane. Further investigations with a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) and cardiac computerized tomography angiography (CTA) confirmed the presence of a mobile 9 mm × 3 mm mass on a subaortic membrane. Cardiothoracic surgery was performed with an open operation removing the mass and subaortic membrane.

Primary synovial sarcoma of the kidney-A case report and literature review.

Primary synovial sarcoma of the kidney is a very rare spindle cell neoplasm that occasionally displays epithelial differentiation. It occurs between 15-60 years of age with a mean of 35 years and a slight male predilection. Most of synovial sarcomas appear as relatively nonspecific soft tissue masses involving the kidney.

Relapse Rates With Surgery Alone in Human Papillomavirus-Related Intermediate- and High-Risk Group Oropharynx Squamous Cell Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Review.

Purpose: To evaluate whether historic risk categories and indications for adjuvant therapy in the pre-human papillomavirus (HPV) and pre-transoral surgery (TOS) era were associated with clinically significant relapse rates in HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer patients undergoing TOS.

Methods And Materials: A multi-institutional retrospective review of intermediate- and high-risk HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer patients not receiving adjuvant therapy after TOS was performed. Perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, T3-T4, or ≥N2 disease were considered to be intermediate-risk factors, and extracapsular extension or positive margins were considered to be high-risk features, according to established risk categories.

Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumor with Unusual Thyroid Follicular-Like Morphologic Characteristics.

We describe a primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor of a 57-year-old Thai woman who presented in 2004 with a suspicious mass in the left hepatic lobe. She underwent left hepatectomy for the 10.5-cm mass, called , .

Invasive ductal carcinoma with in situ pattern: how to avoid this diagnostic pitfall?

Although the microscopic features of invasion are usually readily recognized, occasionally invasive ductal carcinoma may mimic the pattern of comedo ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by forming large cellular nests with circumscribed borders, but lacking a definitive myoepithelial cell layer. In these cases, the histologic pattern may appear deceptively noninvasive and the absence of a myoepithelial layer can be easily overlooked. We prospectively examined 10 cases of high grade DCIS.

Plectin-1 as a Biomarker of Malignant Progression in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: A Multicenter Study.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate Plectin-1 expression as a biomarker of malignant risk for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs).

Methods: Plectin-1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed retrospectively on surgical (n = 71) and cytological (n = 33) specimens from Mayo Clinic Jacksonville and UCLA Medical Center, including IPMNs with low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia (HGD), or an associated invasive adenocarcinoma.

Results: Plectin-1 expression was increased in invasive adenocarcinoma compared with adjacent in situ IPMN (P = 0.

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia of the thyroid: more aggressive than previously reported.

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) of the thyroid is a rare traditionally "low-grade" tumor that predominantly occurs in women. Approximately 50 cases have been reported in the literature. It arises in a background of Hashimoto thyroiditis and is characterized by nests of epidermoid and mucin-secreting cells located within an eosinophil-rich sclerotic stroma.

Diagnostic utility of E-cadherin and P120 catenin cocktail immunostain in distinguishing DCIS from LCIS.

Background: Breast carcinoma in situ (CIS) is classified into ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). DCIS is treated with surgical excision while LCIS can be clinically followed with or without hormonal treatment. Thus, it is critical to distinguish DCIS from LCIS.

Smoothelin and caldesmon are reliable markers for distinguishing muscularis propria from desmoplasia: a critical distinction for accurate staging colorectal adenocarcinoma.

An accurate distinction between deep muscularis propria invasion versus subserosal invasion by colonic adenocarcinoma is essential for the accurate staging of cancer and subsequent optimal patient management. However, problems may arise in pathologic staging when extensive desmoplasia blurs the junction between deep muscularis propria and subserosal fibroadipose tissue. To address this issue, forty-three (43) cases of colonic adenocarcinoma resections from 2007-2009 at The Methodist Hospital in Houston, TX were reviewed.

Immunohistochemical stains of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, insulin-like growth factor 2 and clusterin help distinguish malignant from benign liver nodular lesions.

Aims: To explore the immunohistochemical utility of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and clusterin in the distinction between malignant and benign liver nodular lesions.

Methods: Immunohistochemical stains for PCNA, IGF2 and clusterin were performed on 284 liver nodular lesions, including 33 hepatocellular adenomas (HCA), 40 focal nodular hyperplasias (FNH), 77 large regenerative nodules (LRN) and 134 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC).

Results: Strong and diffuse nuclear PCNA immunoreactivity was observed in 103 (77%) HCCs but in only 2 (6%) HCAs.

Folate receptor in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: potential target for folate-linked therapeutic agents.

Context: Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths in the United States and globally. The advent of targeted therapies has offered a new treatment paradigm for lung cancer, but currently validated and emerging drugs are effective in only a small minority of lung cancers, predominantly adenocarcinomas. Folate receptors can serve as targets for drugs attached to folate and are overexpressed in many cancers.

The feasibility of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for targeted biopsy using novel navigation systems to detect early stage prostate cancer: the preliminary experience.

Background And Purpose: The feasibility and diagnostic performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) has to be proven further. In this study, we evaluate the role of mp-MRI for targeted biopsy of early stage prostate cancer (PCa).

Patients And Methods: A total 32 consecutive patients with transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy-proven PCa meeting low-risk criteria and pursuing active surveillance were selected to undergo mp-MRI 3 Tesla (3T) with endorectal coil.

Chondroblastoma-like chondroma of soft tissue: report of the first case in the base of skull.

Chondroblastoma-like chondroma (CLC) of soft tissue is a rare benign neoplasm that usually involves the soft tissues of the hand. This report describes the first case of CLC of soft tissue arising in the base of the skull. A 33-year-old man was seen with a slow growing mass in the right parotid region of his face.

Lymphovascular invasion in micropapillary urothelial carcinoma: a study of 22 cases.

Context: Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (MPUC) is a known aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma. However, the reasons for its aggressiveness remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate the frequency of lymphovascular invasion in 22 cases of MPUC.

Adenocarcinoma following urinary diversion.

The use of bowel segments in urinary diversions has been associated with an increased risk of neoplasia. This report describes three cases of intestinal adenocarcinoma following urinary diversion. In the first case, a 73-year-old woman developed moderately-differentiated colonic adenocarcinoma in her Indiana pouch 10.