Amyloid-β Deposition Prediction with Large Language Model Driven and Task Oriented Learning of Brain Functional Networks.

Amyloid-β positron emission tomography can reflect the Amyloid-β protein deposition in the brain and thus serves as one of the golden standards for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. However, its practical cost and high radioactivity hinder its application in large-scale early AD screening. Recent neuroscience studies suggest a strong association between changes in functional connectivity network (FCN) derived from functional MRI (fMRI), and deposition patterns of Amyloid-β protein in the brain.

Image-and-Label Conditioning Latent Diffusion Model: Synthesizing Aβ-PET from MRI for Detecting Amyloid Status.

Deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ), which is generally observed by Aβ-PET, is an important biomarker to evaluate subjects with early-onset dementia. However, acquisition of Aβ-PET usually suffers from high expense and radiation hazards, making Aβ-PET not commonly used as MRI. As Aβ-PET scans are only used to determine whether Aβ deposition is positive or not, it is highly valuable to capture the underlying relationship between Aβ deposition and other neuroimages (i.

Phenotype-specific metabolic patterns in Posterior cortical atrophy and early-onset typical Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is generally considered an atypical variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is an important component of early-onset AD. Symptomatologic heterogeneity has led to a high rate of misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of early-onset AD. We sought to establish the phenotypic-specific metabolic patterns of PCA and early-onset typical AD (tAD) and to assess whether phenotype-specific neuroimaging biomarkers are more valuable for disease recognition.

Effects of CPAP on Neuroimaging Biomarkers and Cognition in Adult OSA: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive impairment. The effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive performance among middle-aged patients with OSA and normal cognition remain unclear.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of CPAP therapy over 12 months on neuroimaging biomarkers and cognitive performance.

Associations of hippocampal volumes, brain hypometabolism, and plasma NfL with amyloid, tau, and cognitive decline.

Introduction: Various indicators of neurodegeneration (N) are used in the assessment of neuronal injury in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The heterogeneity of such indicators is less clear.

Methods: A total of 416 individuals with different cognitive statuses were recruited for this study.

Rapid cognitive assessment: Accuracy and discriminant validity of Mini-Cog and process-based Clock Drawing Test.

BackgroundThe Mini-Cog is a brief cognitive examination comprising a three-item memory recall and a simplified Clock Drawing Test (CDT). There is limited research on the effects of detailed scoring criteria for the Mini-Cog on cognitive screening.ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic effectiveness of three Mini-Cog versions and a new process-based CDT test in identifying mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to cognitively normal controls (NC).

The associations between fresh vegetable and fruit consumption and plasma and PET biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of Chinese population.

Background: The identification of the modifiable lifestyle factors including dietary habits in older adults of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and early effective interventions are of great importance.

Objectives: We studied whether the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits was different between cognitively unimpaired (CU) and cognitively impaired (CI) population and mainly investigated the associations between vegetable and fruit consumption and PET and plasma AD biomarkers in older CU adults with higher β-amyloid (Aβ) burden.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Older adults with the age of 50-85 years were enrolled for a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Association of objective subtle cognitive difficulties with amyloid-β and tau deposition compared to subjective cognitive decline.

Purpose: This study evaluated the differences in amyloid-β (Aβ), tau deposition, and longitudinal tau deposition between subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and objective subtle cognitive difficulties (Obj-SCD).

Methods: Participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (n = 234) and the Huashan cohort (n = 267) included individuals with Obj-SCD, SCD, subjective memory concern (SMC), and healthy controls (HC). General linear models (GLM) were used to compare baseline and longitudinal differences in Aβ and tau among the groups, and to examine the associations between these biomarkers.

Urinary formic acid is associated with cerebral amyloid deposition and glucose metabolism in memory clinic patients.

Background: Urinary formic acid (FA) has been reported to be a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the association between FA and pathological changes in memory clinic patients is currently unclear.

Objective: This study aims to investigate associations between FA and pathological changes across different cognitive statuses in memory clinic patients.

Research on the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in differentiating subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurological disorder. Based on clinical characteristics, it can be categorized into normal cognition (NC), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia (AD). Once the condition begins to progress, the process is usually irreversible.

Quaternized Nanofiber-Based Anion-Exchange Chromatography Membrane with Periodic Diagonal Surface Structure for Efficient Protein Separation.

Constructing a nanofibrous membrane with high flow rate surface pore structure and high-density ligand chemical structure is a promising strategy to balance the trade-off between high flow rates and high adsorption capacity for protein separation and purification. Herein, a nanofiber-based ion-exchange chromatography membrane with a periodic diagonal surface structure and high ionic strength ligands was fabricated using dispersion cross-linking, wet coating, and template printing with a three-wire diagonal woven mesh. For this membrane, EVOH nanofibers were used as skeleton, glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross-linking agent, and quaternized chitosan (QCS) as binder and functional ligand.

Construction of a prediction model for Alzheimer's disease using an AI-driven eye-tracking task on mobile devices.

Background: Eye-movement can reflect cognition and provide information on the neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The high cost and limited accessibility of eye-movement recordings have hindered their use in clinics.

Aims: We aim to develop an AI-driven eye-tracking tool for assessing AD using mobile devices with embedded cameras.

Integrating rare pathogenic variant prioritization with gene-based association analysis to identify novel genes and relevant multimodal traits for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Increasing evidence has highlighted rare variants in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, insufficient sample sizes, especially in underrepresented ethnic groups, hinder their investigation. Additionally, their impact on endophenotypes remains largely unexplored.

Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein and Phosphorated Tau 181 Association with Presynaptic Density-Dependent Tau Pathology at F-SynVesT-1 Brain PET Imaging.

Background Synaptic loss is an important factor in Alzheimer disease (AD); however, blood assays that conveniently and rapidly reflect changes in synaptic density are lacking. Purpose To correlate multiple potential synaptic blood markers with synaptic density measured using F-SynVesT-1, a fluorine 18 (F)-labeled radiotracer, brain PET and to explore the independent associations between these markers and synaptic density. Materials and Methods This prospective study included 50 cognitively unimpaired (mean age, 65.

Association of precuneus Aβ burden with default mode network function.

Introduction: It remains unclear whether the local amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden in key regions within the default mode network (DMN) affects network and cognitive functions.

Methods: Participants included 1002 individuals from the Chinese Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Study cohort who underwent 18F-florbetapir positron emission tomography resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning and neuropsychological tests. The correlations between precuneus (PRC) Aβ burden, DMN function, and cognitive function were investigated.

Sodium oligomannate disrupts the adherence of Rib bacteria to gut epithelia to block SAA-triggered Th1 inflammation in 5XFAD transgenic mice.

Sodium oligomannate (GV-971), an oligosaccharide drug approved in China for treating mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD), was previously found to recondition the gut microbiota and limit altered peripheral Th1 immunity in AD transgenic mice. As a follow-up study, we here made advances by pinpointing a Lactobacillus murinus (L.m.

Investigating the causal impact of gut microbiota on arthritis via inflammatory proteins using mendelian randomization.

Previous studies have suggested a potential association between the gut microbiota and arthritis. However, the causal links between the gut microbiota and various types of arthritis, as well as the potential mediating role of inflammatory proteins, remain unclear. Mendelian randomization was used to explore the causal relationships between gut microbiota, inflammatory proteins, and various forms of arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis [AS]).

A comprehensive and systematic review on Curcumin as a promising candidate for the inhibition of melanoma growth: From pre-clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms of action.

Background: Melanoma, a highly malignant skin tumor, can develop systemic metastases during the early stage. Several studies of melanoma animal models indicate that curcumin, a natural plant extract, inhibits melanoma growth through various mechanisms. To evaluate the relationships among different experimental conditions, curcumin itself, its derivatives, and special formulations, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis.

TFEB signaling promotes autophagic degradation of NLRP3 to attenuate neuroinflammation in diabetic encephalopathy.

Diabetic encephalopathy (DE), a neurological complication of diabetes mellitus, has an unclear etiology. Shreds of evidence show that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-induced neuroinflammation and transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated autophagy impairment may take part in DE development. The cross talk between these two pathways and their contribution to DE remains to be explored.

The Association Between Constipation and Positron Emission Tomography and Blood-Based Biomarkers in Older Cognitively Unimpaired Adults with Higher Amyloid-β Burden.

Introduction: Constipation may be linked to cognitive decline and a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to investigate the association between constipation and positron emission tomography (PET) and blood-based AD biomarkers in older cognitively unimpaired (CU) adults with higher Aβ burden.

Methods: Constipation was diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria and the severity of constipation was evaluated by using a validated self-reported questionnaire.

A Modality-Flexible Framework for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis Following Clinical Routine.

Dementia has high incidence among the elderly, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia. The procedure of AD diagnosis in clinics usually follows a standard routine consisting of different phases, from acquiring non-imaging tabular data in the screening phase to MR imaging and ultimately to PET imaging. Most of the existing AD diagnosis studies are dedicated to a specific phase using either single or multi-modal data.

Under Water Superelastic Porous Nanofibrous Sponge for Efficient RNA Separation and Purification.

Developing monolithic materials for chromatography columns with a novel interconnected porous structure is vital for the enhancement of the separation efficiency of RNA purification processes. Herein, a porous nanofibrous sponge (PNFS) is constructed by freeze molding and freeze-drying a nanofiber dispersion with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer nanofibers as the skeleton, chitosan (CS) and polyethylenimine (PEI) as the binders, and glutaraldehyde (GA) as the crosslinking agent. The results show that when the CS content of the dispersion is 1.

Physical function is associated with cognitive status, brain amyloid-beta deposition, and blood biomarkers in Chinese Han population.

Background: The physical function of elderly individuals reflects whether they have had a history of regular physical activity over the long term. Such indicators have been found to have a certain connection with cognitive function these years. However, there is limited research that associates it with mechanisms such as cerebral Aβ deposition.

The application of alkaloids in ferroptosis: A review.

Alkaloids have remarkable biological and pharmacological properties and have recently garnered extensive attention. Various alkaloids, including commercially available drugs such as berberine, substantially affect ferroptosis. In addition to the three main pathways of ferroptosis, iron metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and the glutathione peroxidase 4-regulated pathway, novel mechanisms of ferroptosis are continuously being identified.