Technological advances and challenges in constructing complex gut organoid systems.

Recent advancements in organoid technology have heralded a transformative era in biomedical research, characterized by the emergence of gut organoids that replicate the structural and functional complexity of the human intestines. These stem cell-derived structures provide a dynamic platform for investigating intestinal physiology, disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions. This model outperforms traditional two-dimensional cell cultures in replicating cell interactions and tissue dynamics.

Salidroside pretreatment alleviates ferroptosis induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion through mitochondrial superoxide-dependent AMPKα2 activation.

Background: Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that relies on excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Feaccumulation, abnormal lipid metabolism and is involved in various organ ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, expecially in myocardium. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells and essential in regulating multiple RCD. However, the links between mitochondria and ferroptosis are still poorly understood.

Renoprotective effects of ferulic acid mediated by AMPKα1 against lipopolysaccharide-induced damage.

The kidney is susceptible to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage with sepsis, and renal dysfunction is a leading cause of mortality in patients with sepsis. However, the renoprotective effects of ferulic acid (FA) during sepsis and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study explored these renoprotective effects using NRK-52E cells and mice with LPS-induced renal damage.

TanshinoneⅡA inhibits excessive autophagy and protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury via 14-3-3η/Akt/Beclin1 pathway.

Excessive autophagy induced by reperfusion is one of the causes of severe myocardial injury. Tanshinone IIA (TSN) protects the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mechanism by which the inhibition of excessive autophagy contributes to the myocardial protection by TSN is unclear.

Luteoloside pretreatment attenuates anoxia-induced damage in cardiomyocytes by regulating autophagy mediated by 14-3-3η and the AMPKα-mTOR/ULK1 pathway.

The relation between ischemia and heart failure is well demonstrated, and several studies suggested that realizing the physiological role of autophagy will be of great importance. Luteoloside (Lut) is one of the main components of Lonicera japonica flos and exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. To determine if Lut pretreatment enhanced autophagy by 14-3-3η expression and the AMPKα-mTOR/ULK1 pathway and protected the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) against anoxia damage, NRCMs were treated using 20 μM Lut for 36 h, and the anoxia damage model was established using NRCMs.

Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates Acute Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Upregulating AMPK1 Expression.

Acute renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury often occurs during kidney transplantation and other kidney surgeries, and the molecular mechanism involves oxidative stress. We hypothesized that ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a saponin derived from ginseng, would protect the renal tissue against acute renal I/R injury by upregulating 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase 1 (AMPK1) expression and inhibiting oxidative stress. The models of acute anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) damage in normal rat kidney epithelial cell lines (NRK-52E) and acute renal I/R injury in mice were constructed.

Puerarin activates adaptive autophagy and protects the myocardium against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via the 14-3-3γ/PKCε pathway.

Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) seriously threatens the health of related patients. Studies have confirmed that 14-3-3γ and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) are the endogenous protective proteins. Puerarin (Pue) is a bioactive ingredient isolated from the root of Pueraria lobata.

Puerarin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury via the 14-3-3γ/PKCε pathway activating adaptive autophagy.

Studies have confirmed that the heart is the main target organ of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) attacks, and 14-3-3γ and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) are the endogenous protective proteins. Puerarin (Pue) is the major bioactive ingredient isolated from the root of Pueraria lobata. It possesses many pharmacological properties, which has been widely used in the treatment and adjuvant therapy of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer, etc.