BpWOX11 promotes adventitious root formation in Betula pendula.

Adventitious root formation is a key step in vegetative propagation via cuttings. It is crucial for establishing birch plantations and preserve birch varieties. Although previous studies have highlighted role of WOX11 in controlling adventitious root formation, no such study has been conducted in birch.

One-Stage Detection without Segmentation for Multi-Type Coronary Lesions in Angiography Images Using Deep Learning.

It is rare to use the one-stage model without segmentation for the automatic detection of coronary lesions. This study sequentially enrolled 200 patients with significant stenoses and occlusions of the right coronary and categorized their angiography images into two angle views: The CRA (cranial) view of 98 patients with 2453 images and the LAO (left anterior oblique) view of 176 patients with 3338 images. Randomization was performed at the patient level to the training set and test set using a 7:3 ratio.

Functional study of BpCOI1 reveals its role in affecting disease resistance in birch.

Plants interact with biotic and abiotic environments. Some of these interactions are detrimental including herbivory consumption and infections by microbial pathogens. The COI1 (coronatine insensitive 1) protein is the master controller of JA-regulated plant responses and plays a regulatory role in the plant defense response.

Heritable epigenetic modification of BpPIN1 is associated with leaf shapes in Betula pendula.

The new variety Betula pendula 'Dalecarlica', selected from Betula pendula, shows high ornamental value owing to its lobed leaf shape. In this study, to identify the genetic components of leaf shape formation, we performed bulked segregant analysis and molecular marker-based fine mapping to identify the causal gene responsible for lobed leaves in B. pendula 'Dalecarlica'.

Genome-wide identification of the TIFY family reveals JAZ subfamily function in response to hormone treatment in Betula platyphylla.

Background: The TIFY family is a plant-specific gene family and plays an important role in plant growth and development. But few reports have been reported on the phylogenetic analysis and gene expression profiling of TIFY family genes in birch (Betula platyphylla).

Results: In this study, we characterized TIFY family and identified 12 TIFY genes and using phylogeny and chromosome mapping analysis in birch.

Role of long non-coding RNA in regulatory network response to Liberibacter asiaticus in citrus.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as crucial regulators in plant response to various diseases, while none have been systematically identified and characterized in response to citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) bacteria. Here, we comprehensively investigated the transcriptional and regulatory dynamics of the lncRNAs in response to L. Samples were collected from leaf midribs of Las- and mock-inoculated HLB-tolerant rough lemon () and HLB-sensitive sweet orange () at week 0, 7, 17, and 34 following inoculation using Las+ budwood of three biological replicates in the greenhouse.

Construction of a high density genetic linkage map to define the locus conferring seedlessness from Mukaku Kishu mandarin.

Mukaku Kishu ('MK'), a small sized mandarin, is an important source of seedlessness in citrus breeding. Identification and mapping the gene(s) governing 'MK' seedlessness will expedite seedless cultivar development. In this study, two 'MK'-derived mapping populations- LB8-9 Sugar Belle ('SB') × 'MK' (N=97) and Daisy ('D') × 'MK' (N=68) were genotyped using an encompassing 58,433 SNP probe sets, and population specific male and female parent linkage maps were constructed.

A chromosome-level phased genome enabling allele-level studies in sweet orange: a case study on citrus Huanglongbing tolerance.

Sweet orange originated from the introgressive hybridizations of pummelo and mandarin resulting in a highly heterozygous genome. How alleles from the two species cooperate in shaping sweet orange phenotypes under distinct circumstances is unknown. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level phased diploid Valencia sweet orange (DVS) genome with over 99.

Phenotypic and Genetic Variation in Morphophysiological Traits in Huanglongbing-Affected Mandarin Hybrid Populations.

Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by ' Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) is the most costly disease for the global citrus industry. Currently, no effective tools have been found to control HLB. Most commercial citrus varieties are susceptible to HLB, though some citrus hybrid cultivars have reduced sensitivity to the disease.

Molecular mechanism of leaf adaxial upward curling caused by suppression in .

Leaves are one of the vegetative organs of plants that are essential for plant growth and development. () gene is an indoleacetic acid (IAA) transporter that plays a critical role in leaf development. To determine the function of in leaf polarity formation in , the transgenic lines with overexpression (OE) and reduced expression (RE) were analyzed using the -mediated method.

Seasonal Transcriptome Profiling of Susceptible and Tolerant Citrus Cultivars to Citrus Huanglongbing.

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) caused by ' Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) is the most devastating citrus disease worldwide. Most commercial citrus cultivars are susceptible to HLB, with a few more tolerant exceptions such as 'LB8-9' Sugar Belle mandarin. Transcriptomic analyses have been widely used to investigate the potential mechanisms for disease susceptibility, resistance, or tolerance.

Impact of transgenic poplar on microbial community and soil enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil.

Rhizosphere microorganisms are essential parts in maintaining soil ecological functions. Reforestation using genetically modified trees might have great potential to enhance tree production in biotic and abiotic stress, however, their long-term impact on rhizosphere microorganisms is scant. In this study, we studied soil enzyme activities and composition of rhizosphere microorganisms in 2-year-old transgenic overexpression (OE), repressed expression (RE) and wild-type (WT) poplar ().

Role of PsnWRKY70 in Regulatory Network Response to Infection with (Fr.) Keissl in .

WRKY is an important complex family of transcription factors involved in plant immune responses. Among them, plays an important role in the process of the plant defense response to the invasion of pathogens. However, the defense mechanism of is not clear in .

BpEIN3.1 represses leaf senescence by inhibiting synthesis of ethylene and abscisic acid in Betula platyphylla.

Leaf senescence and abscission play crucial role in annual plant adapting to seasonal alteration and climate changes by shortening life cycle and development process in response to abiotic and/or biotic stressors underlying phytohormones and environmental signals. Ethylene and abscisic acid are the major phytohormones that promotes leaf senescence, involving various transcription factors, such as EIN3 (ethylene-insensitive 3) and EIL (ethylene-insensitive 3-like) gene family, controlling leaf senescence through metabolite biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways. However, the roles of EIN3 regulating leaf senescence responding to environmental changes in perennial plant, especially forestry tree, remain unclear.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Healthful Flavonoids among Diverse Mandarin Accessions.

Mandarins have many unique flavonoids with documented health benefits and that help to prevent chronic human diseases. Flavonoids are difficult to measure and cannot be phenotyped without the use of specialized equipment; consequently, citrus breeders have not used flavonoid contents as selection criteria to develop cultivars with increased benefits for human health or increased tolerance to diseases. In this study, peel, pulp, and seed samples collected from many mandarin accessions and their hybrids were analyzed for the presence of selected flavonoids with documented human health benefits.

Clinical and Surgical Evaluations of Reoperation After Mechanical Mitral Valve Replacement Due to Different Etiologies.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and surgical characteristics of patients who required reoperation after mechanical mitral valve replacement (MVR).

Methods: We retrospectively identified 204 consecutive patients who underwent reoperation after mechanical MVR between 2009 and 2018. Patients were categorized according the reason for reoperation (perivalvular leakage, thrombus formation, or pannus formation).

Comparative Leaf Volatile Profiles of Two Contrasting Mandarin Cultivars against Liberibacter asiaticus Infection Illustrate Huanglongbing Tolerance Mechanisms.

Huanglongbing (HLB), presumably caused by Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), is a devastating citrus disease worldwide. While all citrus are affected by HLB, some cultivars display greater tolerance; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, volatile changes in HLB-tolerant LB8-9 Sugar Belle (SB) and HLB-sensitive Murcott mandarins after Las infection were comprehensively compared to determine if specific volatiles are associated with HLB responses and to discern the underlying tolerance mechanisms.

Utilization of somatic fusion techniques for the development of HLB tolerant breeding resources employing the Australian finger lime (Citrus australasica).

The Australian finger lime is a unique citrus species that has gained importance due to its unique fruit characteristics and perceived tolerance to Huanglongbing (HLB), an often-fatal disease of citrus trees. In this study, we developed allotetraploid finger lime hybrids and cybrids by utilizing somatic cell fusion techniques to fuse diploid 'OLL8' sweet orange or 'Page' tangelo callus-derived protoplasts with finger lime (FL) mesophyll-derived protoplasts. Six somatic fusions were regenerated from the 'OLL8' + FL fusion, while three putative cybrids were regenerated from the 'Page' + FL fusion.

The Mechanism of Citrus Host Defense Response Repression at Early Stages of Infection by Feeding of Transmitting Liberibacter asiaticus.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus, presumably caused by " Liberibacter asiaticus" (Las). Although transcriptomic profiling of HLB-affected citrus plants has been studied extensively, the initial steps in pathogenesis have not been fully understood. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to compare very early transcriptional changes in the response of Valencia sweet orange (VAL) to Las after being fed by the vector, (Asian citrus psyllid, or ACP).

Association of T2/S-RNase With Self-Incompatibility of Japanese Citrus Accessions Examined by Transcriptomic, Phylogenetic, and Genetic Approaches.

Several citrus varieties show gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI), which can contribute to seedless fruit production in several cultivars. This study investigated the genes regulating this trait through RNA-seq performed using styles collected from the flowers of Japanese citrus cultivars 'Hyuganatsu,' 'Tosabuntan,' 'Hassaku,' 'Banpeiyu,' and 'Sweet Spring'. We screened the transcripts of putative T2 RNases, i.

Functional Study of Revealed Its Role in Salt Stress in .

PP2C protein phosphatase family is one of the largest gene families in the plant genome. Many PP2C family members are involved in the regulation of abiotic stress. We found that gene has highly up-regulated in root under salt stress in .

Metabolic Profiling of Hybrids Generated from Pummelo and in Relation to Their Attraction to , the Vector of Huanglongbing.

The citrus industry at present is severely affected by huanglongbing disease (HLB). HLB is caused by the supposed bacterial pathogen " Liberibacter asiaticus" and is transmitted by the insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid, Kuwayama. Developing new citrus hybrids to improve HLB management is much needed.

A chromosome-scale reference genome of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) provides insights into disease resistance, cold tolerance and genome evolution in Citrus.

Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata), a deciduous close relative of evergreen Citrus, has important traits for citrus production, including tolerance/resistance to citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing, HLB) and other major diseases, and cold tolerance. It has been one of the most important rootstocks, and one of the most valuable sources of resistance and tolerance genes for citrus. Here we present a high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assembly of P.

Analysis of flavor and other metabolites in lemon juice (Citrus limon) from Huanglongbing-affected trees grafted on different rootstocks.

Flavor perception integrates sensory input from chemical receptors triggered by taste- and aroma-active metabolites to contribute to food flavor quality. Many factors alter flavor quality. Disease affects aroma and flavonoid constituents, causing off-flavors in plants.

Comparative iTRAQ proteomic profiling of sweet orange fruit on sensitive and tolerant rootstocks infected by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), which is also known as citrus greening, is a destructive disease continuing to devastate citrus production worldwide. Although all citrus varieties can be infected with 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CaLas), a certain level of HLB tolerance of scion varieties can be conferred by some rootstocks. To understand the effects of rootstock varieties on orange fruit under CaLas stress, comparative iTRAQ proteomic profilings were conducted, using fruit from 'Valencia' sweet orange grafted on the sensitive ('Swingle') and tolerant rootstocks (a new selection called '46x20-04-48') infected by CaLas as experimental groups, and the same plant materials without CaLas infection as controls.