Unraveling the mechanism of semantic object-based attention: The role of top-down search strategies.

There is an ongoing debate between the sensory enhancement account and the attentional prioritization account concerning the mechanism underlying object-based attention. This debate remains unresolved because of the predominant use of geometric objects in previous studies, which made it difficult to experimentally dissociate the two accounts due to the prominent boundaries of these objects. The current study investigated the mechanism underlying semantic object-based attention by utilizing Chinese two-character words with different word frequencies and the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to elucidate the ongoing debate.

Transcriptome analysis of reveals the molecular mechanisms of Ca signaling pathway on arsenic tolerance induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Introduction: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been demonstrated their ability to enhance the arsenic (As) tolerance of host plants, and making the utilization of mycorrhizal plants a promising and practical approach for remediating As-contaminated soils. However, comprehensive transcriptome analysis to reveal the molecular mechanism of As tolerance in the symbiotic process between AMF and host plants is still limited.

Methods: In this study, transcriptomic analysis of seedlings was conducted with four treatments: non-inoculated under non-As stress (CK0), non-inoculated under As stress (CK100), -inoculated under non-As stress (FM0), and -inoculated under As stress (FM100).

Co-Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Dark Septate Endophytes under Drought Stress: Synergistic or Competitive Effects on Maize Growth, Photosynthesis, Root Hydraulic Properties and Aquaporins?

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate fungi (DSE) were simultaneously colonized in the root cells of maize. Single AMF and DSE symbiosis have been proven to improve the drought tolerance of maize. However, the effects of both fungi coexisting in maize roots under drought stress are not yet known.

Universal Flexible Lamination Encapsulation Strategy toward Underwater-Operation Electroluminescence Devices.

A reliable encapsulation technology with scalability and flexibility is urgently needed for electroluminescence devices. Here, we developed a simple, robust, low-cost, and scalable flexible lamination encapsulation strategy with quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) as the model devices. Multilayered Parafilm combining with calcium oxide buffer was used for the lamination encapsulation.

Some neighbors are more interfering: Asymmetric priming by stroke neighbors in Chinese character recognition.

Chinese is a visually complex logographic script that consists of square-shaped characters, with each character composed of strokes. Previous masked priming studies using single-character Chinese stroke neighbors (i.e.

Interplay between Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Surfactants: A Surface Aggregation Tool and Protecting Semiconducting Layer.

Molecular surfactants, which are based on a water-insoluble tail and a water-soluble head, are widely employed in many areas, such as surface coatings or for drug delivery, thanks to their capability to form micelles in solution or supramolecular structures at the solid/liquid interface. Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) are highly sensitive to changes occurring at their electrolyte/gate electrode and electrolyte/organic semiconductor interfaces, and hence, they have been much explored in biosensing due to their inherent amplification properties. Here, we demonstrate that the EGOFETs and surfactants can provide mutual benefits to each other.

Improves Plant Growth, Root Morphology and Phytohormone Balance of in Arsenic-Contaminated Soils.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to improve the resistance of host plants against various heavy metal stresses. However, the arsenic (As) resistance mechanism of AMF-inoculated woody legumes remains unclear. In this study, black locust ( L.

Eye-movement evidence for the mental representation of strokes in Chinese characters.

Although strokes are the smallest identifiable units in Chinese words, the fact that they are often embedded within larger units (i.e., radicals and/or characters that comprise Chinese words) raises questions about and even strokes are separately represented in lexical memory.

High performing solution-coated electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors for aqueous media operation.

Since the first demonstration, the electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) have immediately gained much attention for the development of cutting-edge technology and they are expected to have a strong impact in the field of (bio-)sensors. However EGOFETs directly expose their active material towards the aqueous media, hence a limited library of organic semiconductors is actually suitable. By using two mostly unexplored strategies in EGOFETs such as blended materials together with a printing technique, we have successfully widened this library.

Character-complexity effects in Chinese reading and visual search: A comparison and theoretical implications.

Three eye-movement experiments were conducted to examine how the complexity of characters in Chinese words (i.e., number of strokes per character) influences their processing and eye-movement behaviour.

Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistor Based on a Solution Sheared Organic Semiconductor Blend.

This communication presents a novel electrolyte gated field-effect transistor based on a blend of dibenzo-tetrathiafulvalene and polystyrene deposited through bar-assisted meniscus shearing. This technique allows the fabrication of high performing electronic devices suitable for (bio)sensing applications and might capture industrial interest due to its scalability. The reported devices can operate in aqueous solution with comparable complexity to real samples.

[Adaptation of Acidianus hospitalis W1 to oligotrophic and acidic hot spring environments].

Objective: To study the adaptation of A. hospitalis W1 to oligotrophic and acidic hot spring environments at the whole genome level.

Methods: We annotated the gene functions and constructed metabolic pathways of strain W1 by using different databases, such as NCBI non-redundant database (NRDB), UniProt, Sulfolobus protein database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).

Photocurrent generation through electron-exciton interaction at the organic semiconductor donor/acceptor interface.

In this work, we report our effort to understand the photocurrent generation that is contributed via electron-exciton interaction at the donor/acceptor interface in organic solar cells (OSCs). Donor/acceptor bi-layer heterojunction OSCs, of the indium tin oxide/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/fullerene (C60)/molybdenum oxide/Al type, were employed to study the mechanism of photocurrent generation due to the electron-exciton interaction, where CuPc and C60 are the donor and the acceptor, respectively. It is shown that the electron-exciton interaction and the exciton dissociation processes co-exist at the CuPc/C60 interface in OSCs.

Graphene quantum-dot-doped polypyrrole counter electrode for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells.

Herein graphene quantum dot (GQD), a graphene material with lateral dimension less than 100 nm, is explored to dope PPy on F-doped tin oxide glass as an efficient counter electrode for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The GQDs-doped PPy film has a porous structure in comparison to the densely structured plain PPy, and displays higher catalytic current density and lower charge transfer resistance than the latter toward I3(-)/I(-) redox reaction. The highest power conversion efficiency (5.