Confined-walking mode for an elliptical polarized undulator and its application.

Elliptical polarized undulators (EPUs) are broadly used in the soft X-ray energy range. They have the advantage of providing photons with both varied energy and polarization through adjustments to the value of the gap and/or shift magnet arrays in an undulator. Yet these adjustments may create a disturbance on the stability of the electron beam in a storage ring.

Design and performance of the APPLE-Knot undulator.

Along with the development of accelerator technology, synchrotron emittance has continuously decreased. This results in increased brightness, but also causes a heavy heat load on beamline optics. Recently, optical surfaces with 0.