Gut Microbiota-Induced Modulation of the Central Nervous System Function in Parkinson's Disease Through the Gut-Brain Axis and Short-Chain Fatty Acids.

Recent insights into Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, suggest a significant influence of the gut microbiome on its pathogenesis and progression through the gut-brain axis. This study integrates 16S rRNA sequencing, high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing, and animal model experiments to explore the molecular mechanisms underpinning the role of gut-brain axis in PD, with a focus on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mediated by the SCFA receptors FFAR2 and FFAR3. Our findings highlighted prominent differences in the gut microbiota composition between PD patients and healthy individuals, particularly in taxa such as Escherichia_Shigella and Bacteroidetes, which potentially impact SCFA levels through secondary metabolite biosynthesis.

The effectiveness of the modified Epley maneuver for the treatment of posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Objective: To compare the repositioning effect of the modified Epley maneuver and the traditional Epley maneuver for posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV).

Methods: Sixty-five patients with unilateral PC-BPPV were randomly divided into two groups. The control group received the traditional Epley maneuver, while the experimental group received the modified Epley maneuver, which prolonged the time in the healthy side lying position and the final bowing position.

Urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio is a predictor of the occurrence and severity of leukoaraiosis.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and the occurrence and severity of leukoaraiosis.

Methods: A total of 323 patients were retrospectively recruited. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at the time of admission, and the UACR was calculated based on the levels of urinary microalbumin and creatinine.

Osteoarthritis Was Associated With a Faster Decline in Hippocampal Volumes in Cognitively Normal Older People.

Objective: To examine whether osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with a change in adjusted hippocampal volumes (HpVR: hippocampal/intracranial volume × 10) over time among cognitively normal older people.

Methods: We examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of OA with HpVR among individuals with normal cognition (NC) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. At baseline, a total of 372 individuals with NC were included.

CHARACTERIZATION BY FRACTAL DIMENSION ANALYSIS OF THE RETINAL CAPILLARY NETWORK IN PARKINSON DISEASE.

Purpose: To characterize retinal capillary complexity by optical coherence tomography angiography in Parkinson disease.

Method: Twenty-five Parkinson disease patients and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. Optical coherence tomography angiography and optical coherence tomography imaged the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexuses and retinal structure.

T3 level may be a helpful marker to predict disease prognosis of acute central nervous system viral infections.

Aim Of The Study: Acute central nervous system viral infections are progressive and inflammatory diseases with inflammatory cells infiltrating into the central nervous system (CNS), and thyroid hormone (TH) level is associated with the oxidative and antioxidant status. Variations in oxidative stress and antioxidant status are related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Our study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between viral infections in CNS and TH levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3).

Low serum uric acid levels in patients with acute central nervous system viral infections.

Most acute central nervous system (CNS) viral infections lead to either encephalitis or meningitis. Many neurotropic viruses may cause CNS dysfunctions through various mechanisms including oxidative stress. Serum uric acid (SUA) levels, which are associated with oxidative stress and antioxidant status, are reduced in patients with various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis.

Suspected bacterial meningomyelitis: The first presenting clinical feature of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

A rare case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, suspected to be bacterial meningomyelitis as the initial manifestation, is reported. The patient presented with initial symptoms of meningomyelitis and fever. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed pleocytosis (1280×10/L [98% lymphocytes]) and glucose level of 1.