A new species of the species group (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Liaoning, China, with identification keys to four closely related species.

A new species of pholcid spiders, Zhang, He & Yao, (♂♀), is described from Liaoning Province, China. The new species belongs to the speciose species group. Taxonomic keys to four closely related species are provided.

A survey of pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.

The family Pholcidae C.L. Koch, 1850 is highly diverse in Guizhou Province, southwestern China, and currently contains four genera and 22 species.

Jeans and language: kin networks and reproductive success are associated with the adoption of outgroup norms.

Traditional norms of human societies in rural China may have changed owing to population expansion, rapid development of the tourism economy and globalization since the 1990s; people from different ethnic groups might adopt cultural traits from outside their group or lose their own culture at different rates. Human behavioural ecology can help to explain adoption of outgroup cultural values. We compared the adoption of four cultural values, specifically speaking outgroup languages/mother tongue and wearing jeans, in two co-residing ethnic groups, the Mosuo and Han.

MAVS integrates glucose metabolism and RIG-I-like receptor signaling.

MAVS is an adapter protein involved in RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling in mitochondria, peroxisomes, and mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). However, the role of MAVS in glucose metabolism and RLR signaling cross-regulation and how these signaling pathways are coordinated among these organelles have not been defined. This study reports that RLR action drives a switch from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) through MAVS.

Effect of Electroacupuncture Stimulation on Proliferation and Differentiation of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury.

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation on the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). One hundred rats were included and randomly divided into the sham-operation (SO) group, model (MO) group, EA group, and preacupuncture stimulation (PAS) group, with 25 rats in each group. All the rats in the SO group had their spinal cord of thoracic segment T10 exposed but without SCI.

Erratum: Communal breeding by women is associated with lower investment from husbands - ERRATUM.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.

Communal breeding by women is associated with lower investment from husbands.

According to Hamilton's rule, matrilineal-biased investment restrains men in matrilineal societies from maximising their inclusive fitness (the 'matrilineal puzzle'). A recent hypothesis argues that when women breed communally and share household resources, a man should help his sisters' household, rather than his wife's household, as investment to the later but not the former would be diluted by other unrelated members (Wu et al., 2013).

A newly recorded genus with description of a new cave-dwelling species of (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from northeastern China.

Background: The genus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 was proposed by Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996 to accommodate three - species distributed in northern Eurasia. Male are easlily recognised by having a hood-shaped thumb on the embolus. The females have a long, S-shaped scape and the posterior median plate of the epigyne is grossly enlarged ("hypertrophied").

Pholcid spiders of the species-group (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Liaoning Province, China: an overview, with description of a new species.

Species of the group exhibit high diversity in Liaoning Province of northeastern China. This paper summarizes the current knowledge on this species-group from this area. A checklist of 22 species recorded from this province is given, accompanied with a distribution map of the species.

Enantioselective direct vinylogous Michael addition for constructing enantioenriched γ,γ-dialkyl substituted butyrolactams and octahydroindoles.

A nickel(II)-catalyzed asymmetric direct vinylogous Michael addition of γ-alkyl monosubstituted α,β-unsaturated butyrolactams to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been disclosed, affording γ,γ-dialkyl substituted butyrolactams in good yields and satisfactory enantioselectivities. A tandem catalytic asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition/intramolecular Michael addition has also been developed based on this reaction, which enabled the construction of enantioenriched octahydroindoles with three consecutive stereogenic carbon centers.

A new species of species-group (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Hebei Province, China.

Background: The species-group currently contains 37 species. It is distributed in central and south-eastern China and Thailand, except for Song & Ren, 1994 from Liaoning Province, north-eastern China and Schenkel, 1936 which is widely distributed in the country.

New Information: sp.

sp. nov., the fifth endemic spider species of species-group (Araneae: Pholcidae) at the border between Jilin, China and North Korea.

Background: The distribution pattern of species-group indicates that, in Jilin and Heilongjiang, China and North Korea, additional species diversity remains undiscovered.

New Information: sp. nov.

Hamilton's rule and kin competition in a finite kin population.

Kin selection means that individuals can increase their own inclusive fitness through displaying more altruistically toward their relatives. So, Hamilton's rule says kin selection will work if the coefficient of relatedness exceeds the cost-to-benefit ratio of the altruistic act. However, some studies have shown that the kin competition due to the altruism among relatives can reduce, and even totally negate, the kin-selected benefits of altruism toward relatives.

Notes on two closely related spider species of the species group (Araneae, Pholcidae) from Beijing, China.

The species group is highly diverse and currently contains 53 species. In this study, Wang & Yao, (male, female) from Huairou District, Beijing, China is described while similar congener Yao, Pham & Li, 2012 from neighboring Haidian District (type locality) is redescribed; the female of is described for the first time. In addition, the DNA barcode COI for the two species was obtained to estimate p-distance.

NAC1 Potentiates Cellular Antiviral Signaling by Bridging MAVS and TBK1.

Intracellular viral RNAs are recognized by the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), which signal through the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein MAVS. MAVS recruits and activates TBK1 kinase, which further phosphorylates and activates the transcription factor IRF3, leading to the induction of type I IFN and downstream antiviral genes. We identified human nucleus accumbens-associated 1 (NAC1), a member of the BTB/POZ family, as a bridge for MAVS and TBK1 that positively regulates the RLR-mediated induction of type I IFN.

Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution at the Interface of Monolayer VS and Water from First-Principles Calculations.

Density functional theory calculations are carried out to study the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the electrochemical double-layer interface of monolayer 2H phase VS and water. Under typical conditions of HER, the catalyst surface is predicted to have a low hydrogen coverage of about 12%, whereas the aqueous solution side features a high hydronium concentration of about 8.3%.

Asymmetric evolutionary game dynamics based on individuals' own volition.

For the pairwise interactions, the evolution of individual behavior should involve two major factors: one is what you will do in an interaction with a given opponent, and another is what type of opponents you prefer to interact with. In this study, we developed a two-phenotype iterated bimatrix replicator dynamics model based on individuals' own volition, where, different from the classic iterated game model, we assume that (i) for all interaction pairs, the maximum expected interaction time is same and it is limited even if two individuals in an interaction pair would like to keep their interaction; and (ii) all individuals are able to unilaterally break off the interactions with their opponents according to their own volition. Therefore, we define that, at any time t, an interaction pair will be disbanded with a given probability and the new interaction pairs will be randomly formed.

Kinship underlies costly cooperation in Mosuo villages.

The relative importance of social evolution theories such as kin selection, direct reciprocity and need-based transfers in explaining real-world cooperation is the source of much debate. Previous field studies of cooperation in human communities have revealed variability in the extent to which each of these theories explains human sociality in different contexts. We conducted multivariate social network analyses predicting costly cooperation-labouring on another household's farm-in 128 082 dyads of Mosuo farming households in southwest China.

Fibronectin Facilitates Enterovirus 71 Infection by Mediating Viral Entry.

Fibronectin (FN) is a high-molecular-weight extracellular matrix protein that contains the RGDS motif, which is required to bind to integrins. Synthetic RGDS peptides have been reported to compete with FN to bind to the cell surface and inhibit the function of FN. Here, we identified that synthetic RGDS peptides significantly inhibit human enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in cell cultures.

A novel photoactive and three-dimensional stainless steel anode dramatically enhances the current density of bioelectrochemical systems.

This study reports a high-performance 3D stainless-steel photoanode (3D SS photoanode) for bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). The 3D SS photoanode consists of 3D carbon-coated SS felt bioactive side and a flat α-FeO-coated SS plate photoactive side. Without light illumination, the electrode reached a current density of 26.

Population structured by witchcraft beliefs.

Anthropologists have long argued that fear of victimization through witchcraft accusations promotes cooperation in small-scale societies . Others have argued that witchcraft beliefs undermine trust and therefore reduce social cohesion . However, there are very few, if any, quantified empirical examples demonstrating how witchcraft labels can structure cooperation in real human communities.

The convergent chemical synthesis of histone H3 protein for site-specific acetylation at Lys56 and ubiquitination at Lys122.

Deposition of (H3-H4) tetramers is believed to be the critical step in nucleosome assembly. Site-specific acetylation and ubiquitination of histone H3 have been speculated to synergistically facilitate the formation and deposition of (H3-H4) tetramers. Here we report our endeavors toward the first chemical synthesis of homogenous histone H3, which bears Lys56 acetylation and Lys122 ubiquitination, for in vitro biochemical and biophysical studies.