In Vivo Confocal Microscopy for Automated Detection of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Study Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.

The objectives of this study are to construct a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model to diagnose and classify meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) based on the in vivo confocal microscope (IVCM) images and to evaluate the performance of the DCNN model and its auxiliary significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. We extracted 6643 IVCM images from the three hospitals' IVCM database as the training set for the DCNN model and 1661 IVCM images from the other two hospitals' IVCM database as the test set to examine the performance of the model. Construction of the DCNN model was performed using DenseNet-169.

Establishing an objective quantitative method for assessing the severity of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity.

Background: To establish an objective method for assessing plus disease severity in retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods: Six images of plus diseases that were color-coded according to severity and published in the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition (ICROP3) were analyzed. These images were individually processed, and the best-fit curve and vessel course in zone I were obtained using ImageJ software.

Platinum drugs upregulate CXCR4 and PD-L1 expression via ROS-dependent pathways, with implications for novel combined treatment in gastric cancer.

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two critical molecules involved in the tumor immune microenvironment. However, the impact of platinum drugs, such as cisplatin, on CXCR4 or PD-L1 expression and the underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain unknown. Moreover, the correlation between their expression levels in GC remains elusive.

SEMI-AUTOMATED EXTRACTION OF RESEARCH TOPICS AND TRENDS FROM NCI FUNDING IN RADIOLOGICAL SCIENCES FROM 2000-2020.

Background: Investigators and funding organizations desire knowledge on topics and trends in publicly funded research but current efforts for manual categorization have been limited in breadth and depth of understanding.

Purpose: We present a semi-automated analysis of 21 years of R-type National Cancer Institute (NCI) grants to departments of radiation oncology and radiology using natural language processing (NLP).

Methods: We selected all non-education R-type NCI grants from 2000 to 2020 awarded to departments of radiation oncology/radiology with affiliated schools of medicine.

Inactivation of notch1-TGF-β-smads signaling pathway by atorvastatin improves cardiac function and hemodynamic performance in acute myocardial infarction rats.

Introduction: To determine the effects of atorvastatin on cardiac function and hemodynamics and to investigate its functional mechanism on cardiac fibrosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats.

Methods: Cardiac functions and hemodynamic changes were evaluated in each group on day 28. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of notch1, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Smad2, Smad7, as well as myocardial fibrosis factors (i.

Biocompatible Lyotropic Nanocarriers for Improved Delivery of Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate in Skincare.

Ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate (VC-IP) is a novel form of ascorbic acid characterized by reduced water solubility due to complete acylation with palmitate. This study investigated the potential cosmetic application of VC-IP when encapsulated in lyotropic liquid crystal nanoparticles (VC-IP LCNPs) by using a high-pressure homogenization (HPH) method. The particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of the obtained VC-IP LCNPs were determined as 158.

Distinguishing benign and malignant myxoid soft tissue tumors: Performance of radiomics vs. radiologists.

Introduction: Benign and malignant myxoid soft tissue tumors have shared clinical, imaging, and histologic features that can make diagnosis challenging. The purpose of this study is comparison of the diagnostic performance of a radiomic based machine learning (ML) model to musculoskeletal radiologists.

Methods: Manual segmentation of 90 myxoid soft tissue tumors (45 myxomas and 45 myxofibrosarcomas) was performed on axial T1, and T2FS or STIR magnetic resonance imaging sequences.

Deep learning for kidney trauma detection: CT image algorithm performance and external validation: experimental study.

Background: Detecting kidney trauma on CT scans can be challenging and is sometimes overlooked. While deep learning (DL) has shown promise in medical imaging, its application to kidney injuries remains underexplored. This study aims to develop and validate a DL algorithm for detecting kidney trauma, using institutional trauma data and the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) dataset for external validation.

Cardiovascular, cancer, and infection risks of Janus kinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Evolving evidence suggests that patients undergoing treatment with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) may face an increased risk of cardiovascular events, malignancies, and serious infections.

Objectives: We assessed cardiovascular, malignancy, and serious infection risks associated with JAKi use compared to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) use, which served as the active comparator, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: This study emulated a target trial using South Korea's nationwide claims database (2013-2023).

Effects of vaginal microbiota on fertilization outcomes in women with different infertility causes.

Unlabelled: Backed by advancements in technologies like microbial sequencing, many studies indicate that the vaginal microbiome is a key marker of female reproductive health. However, further studies are still needed to investigate the correlation between vaginal microbiota (VMB) and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Therefore, this study compared the VMB of two types of infertile women undergoing fertilization (IVF) with normal control women during the implantation window period and investigated the effects of VMB characteristics on IVF outcomes.

Deep Learning-Assisted Fluorescence Single-Particle Detection of Fumonisin B Powered by Entropy-Driven Catalysis and Argonaute.

Timely and accurate detection of trace mycotoxins in agricultural products and food is significant for ensuring food safety and public health. Herein, a deep learning-assisted and entropy-driven catalysis (EDC)-Argonaute powered fluorescence single-particle aptasensing platform was developed for ultrasensitive detection of fumonisin B (FB) using single-stranded DNA modified with biotin and red fluorescence-encoded microspheres as a signal probe and streptavidin-conjugated magnetic beads as separation carriers. The binding of aptamer with FB releases the trigger sequence to mediate EDC cycle to produce numerous 5'-phosphorylated output sequences, which can be used as the guide DNA to activate downstream Argonaute (Ago) for cleaving the signal probe, resulting in increased number of fluorescence microspheres remaining in the final reaction supernatant after magnetic separation.

Incorporating thermal co-evaporation in current-matched all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells.

Thermal co-evaporation of halide perovskites is a solution-free, conformal, scalable, and controllable deposition technique with great potential for commercial applications, particularly in multi-junction solar cells. Monolithic triple-junction perovskite solar cells have garnered significant attention because they can achieve very high efficiencies. Nevertheless, challenges arise in fabricating these devices, as they require multiple layers and precise current matching across complex absorber stacks.

Modification of Non-photochemical Quenching Pathways in the C Model Plant Revealed Shared and Unique Photoprotection Mechanisms as Compared to C Plants.

Light is essential for photosynthesis; however, excess light can increase the accumulation of photoinhibitory reactive oxygen species that reduce photosynthetic efficiency. Plants have evolved photoprotective non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) pathways to dissipate excess light energy. In tobacco and soybean (C plants), overexpression of three NPQ genes, e ( V DE), ( P sbS), and ( Z EP), hereafter VPZ, resulted in faster NPQ induction and relaxation kinetics, and increased crop yields in field conditions.

ScRNA-seq unveils the functional characteristics of glioma-associated macrophages and the regulatory effects of chlorogenic acid on the immune microenvironment-a study based on mouse models and clinical practice.

Introduction: Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in surgical techniques and treatment regimens, the therapeutic effects of glioma remain unsatisfactory. Immunotherapy has brought new hope to glioma patients, but its therapeutic outcomes are limited by the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Association of assisted reproductive technology with adverse maternal outcome: A cohort study.

Background & Objective: To assess the association of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) conception with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during the peripartum and postpartum periods.

Methods: Clinical records of 11,497 patients enrolled in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between March 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the ART group and the natural conception group based on the mode of conception. The incidence of PPH and blood loss at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after delivery were compared.

Mapping Trends and Hotspots Regarding the Use of Lung Ultrasound in the Field of Anesthesiology: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research.

Purpose: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly utilized in the field of anesthesiology due to its focused, quick application and the advantage of not exposing patients to ionizing radiation. This study aims to analyze the status and trends in this area from a macroscopic perspective.

Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection.

The impact of Indigenous American-like ancestry on risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Hispanic/Latino children.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, with Hispanic/Latino children having a higher incidence of ALL than other racial/ethnic groups. Genetic variants, particularly ones found enriched in Indigenous American (IA)-like ancestry and inherited by Hispanics/Latinos, may contribute to this disparity. In this study, we characterized the impact of IA-like ancestry on overall ALL risk and the frequency and effect size of known risk alleles in a large cohort of self-reported Hispanic/Latino individuals.

Large language models outperform traditional structured data-based approaches in identifying immunosuppressed patients.

Identifying immunosuppressed patients using structured data can be challenging. Large language models effectively extract structured concepts from unstructured clinical text. Here we show that GPT-4o outperforms traditional approaches in identifying immunosuppressive conditions and medication use by processing hospital admission notes.

A simple and rapid evaluation of boar sperm quality using the resazurin colorimetric assay.

Ensuring boar sperm quality before insemination is crucial for maximizing field fertility and efficient pig production. The computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and fluorescence probes combined with flow cytometry (FC) are commonly used techniques for evaluating sperm kinematics and functions, closely related to animal fertility. However, their high cost and complex operations make it challenging to apply them in laboratories or pig breeding farms with limited resources.

Compassionate Use of Omadacycline in a Down Syndrome Pre-Schooler With Critically Ill Atypical Pneumonia Caused by Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma Pneumoniae.

Background: Rapid and accurate identification of causative organisms and prompt initiation of pathogen-targeted antibiotics are crucial for managing atypical pneumonia. The widespread application of targeted next-generation sequencing (t-NGS) in clinical practice demonstrates significant targeted advantages in rapid and accurate aetiological identification and antimicrobial resistance genes detection, particularly for difficult-to-culture, rare, or unexpected pathogens. An alarming surge of acquired macrolide resistance (MR) in (MP) presents a substantial challenge for the clinical selection of pathogen-targeted antibiotics worldwide, especially for fluoroquinolone-restricted pediatric patients with limited options available.

Vertical flow immunoassay for multiplex mycotoxins based on photonic nitrocellulose and SERS nanotags.

Here, we report a SERS based VFA using PNC as a sensing substrate for highly sensitive multiplex mycotoxins detection. The PNC was fabricated by filtration-based self-assembled monodisperse SiO NPs on a filter membrane as a template, and the obtained PNC had an ordered complementary inverse opal structure. In parallel, three kinds of Raman dyes encoding Au@Ag, Au@Ag and Au@Ag SERS nanotags were synthesized for the detection of OTA, AFB1 and ZON.

Expert Usability Evaluation of a Mobile Application for Systematic Caries Management in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study.

Aims And Background: The field of mobile healthcare (mHealth) has attracted attention, and the quality of mHealth applications is also being addressed. Therefore, usability evaluation should be conducted to verify the quality of mHealth applications. The aim of this study was to conduct an expert evaluation to verify the systematic aspects and usability of a mobile application ("CAMBRA-students") developed to evaluate caries risk in children and adolescents and to provide systematic caries management.

Biomaterial Cues for Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation and Function in Bone Regeneration.

Tissue regeneration involves dynamic dialogue between and among different cells and their surrounding matrices. Bone regeneration is specifically governed by reciprocity between osteoblasts and osteoclasts within the bone microenvironment. Osteoclast-directed resorption and osteoblast-directed formation of bone are essential to bone remodeling, and the crosstalk between these cells is vital to curating a sequence of events that culminate in the creation of bone tissue.

Extended protective effects of three dimensional cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells in a neuroinflammation model.

Background: Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess regenerative potential due to pluripotency and paracrine functions. However, their stemness and immunomodulatory capabilities are sub-optimal in conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture.

Aim: To enhance the efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, an -like 3D culture condition was applied.