Indoleamine 2,3-dioxgenase-transfected mesenchymal stem cells suppress heart allograft rejection by increasing the production and activity of dendritic cells and regulatory T cells.

Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is thought to contribute to MSC-mediated immunosuppression. A lentiviral-based transgenic system was used to generate bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) which stably expressed IDO (IDO-BMSCs). Coculture of IDO-BMSCs with dendritic cells (DC) or T cells was used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of IDO-BMSCs.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing GATA-4 improve cardiac function following myocardial infarction.

Introduction: The present study aimed to examine whether GATA-4 overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can improve cardiac function in a murine myocardial infarction model compared with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alone.

Methods: A lentiviral-based transgenic system was used to generate bone mesenchymal stem cells which stably expressed GATA-4 (GATA-4-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells). Apoptosis and the myogenic phenotype of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were measured using Western blot and immunofluorescence assays co-cultured with cardiomyocytes.

Exosomes Derived from IDO1-Overexpressing Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Immunotolerance of Cardiac Allografts.

Background: The immunosuppressive activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been exploited to induce tolerance after organ transplantation. The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) may have beneficial effects in the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs. It was recently revealed that exosomes derived from MSCs play important roles in mediating the biological functions of MSCs.

ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 74 (ERF74) plays an essential role in controlling a respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RbohD)-dependent mechanism in response to different stresses in Arabidopsis.

Recent studies indicate that the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR VII (ERF-VII) transcription factor is an important regulator of osmotic and hypoxic stress responses in plants. However, the molecular mechanism of ERF-VII-mediated transcriptional regulation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of ERF74 (a member of the ERF-VII protein family) by examining the abiotic stress tolerance of an ERF74 overexpression line and a T-DNA insertion mutant using flow cytometry, transactivation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.

[The crystal behavior of calcium carbonate in water-soluable chitin].

Based on the basic principles of biominerlization, the paper analyses calcium carbonate crystallization in waterable chitin solution under the control of chitin, using chitin as the matrix; and analyses the effect on crystals by varying temperature or pH of the system. The obtained calcium carbonate was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and X ray powder diffraction (XRD). As a result, it was found that crystals were different formed in purity water; and the obtained crystals are different in different concentration chitin solution.