Chitosan/octenyl succinic anhydride starch complex particles stabilize Pickering emulsion for astaxanthin encapsulation.

The stabilizing effect of biopolymers on Pickering emulsions has attracted widespread interest in recent years. In this study, the interactions between chitosan (CS) and octenyl succinic anhydride starch (OS) were investigated and used to modulate the interfacial properties of Pickering emulsions, which are crucial for determining emulsion stability. CS/OS complex particles were prepared via electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions and used to stabilize Pickering emulsions for the encapsulation of astaxanthin (AST).

Effects of Mandibular Advancement Device on Genioglossus of Rabbits in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Through PINK1/Parkin Pathway.

Background: Early treatment of mandibular advancement device (MAD) reverses the abnormal changes resulting from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), but the underlying mechanism is not clear. We analysed the changes of genioglossus function before and after MAD treatment in OSA rabbits and explored the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy.

Methods: Eighteen male New Zealand rabbits were randomised into three groups: the control group, Group OSA, and Group MAD.

Role of NF-κB in cardiac changes of obstructive sleep apnoea rabbits treated by mandibular advancement device.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the changes of cardiac structures in OSA rabbits treated by mandibular advancement device (MAD).

Methods: Eighteen male New Zealand white rabbits aged 6 months were randomly divided into three groups: control group, group OSA and group MAD.

Characteristics and ecological risks of microplastic pollution in a tropical drinking water source reservoir in Hainan province, China.

Microplastic (<5 mm) pollution has become a pressing environmental concern in recent years. The present study investigated the occurrence characteristics and assessed the ecological risk of microplastics in the surface water and sediment of the Chitian Reservoir, a drinking water source in Hainan province (China). The results indicated that microplastics were detected in the surface water and sediment of the Chitian Reservoir and its surrounding areas.

Synthesis of lipophilic antioxidant tyrosol laurate using imidazolium ionic liquid [Bmim]HSO as a catalyst.

Tyrosol is a natural phenolic compound with potent antioxidant properties in the field of food manufacturing. However, the low lipophilicity of tyrosol limited its application. Therefore, the construction of tyrosol laurate (Tyr-L) could effectively overcome the limitations of tyrosol.

The role of cannabinoid receptor 2 in bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement.

Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of CB2 on bone regulation during orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods: Thirty male mice were allocated into 2 groups (n = 15 in each group): wild type (WT) group and CB2 knockout (CB2) group. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) was induced by applying a nickel-titanium coil spring between the maxillary first molar and the central incisors.

[Ozone Pollution Characteristics and Formation Mechanism in a Typical Tropical Seaside City].

To investigate the pollution characteristics and formation mechanism of ambient air ozone(O) in a typical tropical seaside city, we conducted an observational experiment on O and its precursors at an urban site in Haikou, Hainan Province, from June to October 2019. The O pollution characteristics were analyzed comprehensively; the O-NO-VOCs sensitivities and key precursors were determined, and the control strategies for O pollution were carried out. The results were as follows:1 O pollution in Haikou mainly occurred in September and October, with daily maximum 8-h O concentrations in the range of 39-190 μg·m, and the daily variation in O was unimodal, peaking at approximately 14:00.

In-Depth Analysis of the Mechanism of Astaxanthin Succinate Diester in Reducing Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice Based on Microbiota Informatics.

This paper aims to explore the effect and mechanism of water-soluble astaxanthin succinate diester (Asta-SD) on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sodium sulfate in zebrafish and C57BL/6J mice. Asta-SD was synthesized with hydrophilic fatty acid succinic anhydride and the hydroxyl groups at the ends of F-Asta were synthesized by esterifying. Through the construction of a zebrafish intestinal inflammation model, it was found that Asta-SD could effectively reduce the levels of ROS and increase the number of healthy intestinal lysosomes in zebrafish.

Characterization, reactivity, source apportionment, and potential source areas of ambient volatile organic compounds in a typical tropical city.

Based on one-year observation, the concentration, sources, and potential source areas of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were comprehensively analyzed to investigate the pollution characteristics of ambient VOCs in Haikou, China. The results showed that the annual average concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 11.4 ppbV, and the composition was dominated by alkanes (8.

Effects of microencapsulation in dairy matrix on the quality characteristics and bioavailability of docosahexaenoic acid astaxanthin.

Background: Compared with free astaxanthin (Asta), docosahexaenoic acid astaxanthin monoester (Asta-C22:6) has higher stability and bioavailability. However, Asta-E is still unable to be used in the water system. Hence it is necessary to build a water-soluble delivery system.

Stability and bioavailability of protein matrix-encapsulated astaxanthin ester microcapsules.

Background: Astaxanthin ester derived from Haematococcus pluvialis is often used as a functional and nutritional ingredient in foods. However, its utilization is currently limited as a result of its chemical instability and low bioavailability. Food matrix microcapsules are becoming increasingly popular because of their safety and high encapsulation efficiency.

Dietary astaxanthin: an excellent carotenoid with multiple health benefits.

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid widely found in marine organisms and microorganisms. With extensive use in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and animal feed, astaxanthin will have the largest share in the global market for carotenoids in the near future. Owing to its unique molecular features, astaxanthin has excellent antioxidant activity and holds promise for use in biochemical studies.

Three-dimensional changes of the upper airway in patients with Class II malocclusion treated with functional appliances: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background/objective: To evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) changes of the upper airway in patients with Class II malocclusion treated with functional appliances (FAs).

Search Methods And Eligibility Criteria: A comprehensive search of seven electronic databases was conducted from the date of inception to 12 July 2020. Manual search was also performed in relevant Chinese and English periodicals.

Influence of molecular structure of astaxanthin esters on their stability and bioavailability.

The stability and bioavailability of fourteen astaxanthin esters (Asta-Es) with different molecular structures were investigated using in vitro and in vivo digestion models. The results demonstrated that Asta-E with long-chain and saturated fatty acids were more stable than other types of Asta-E. Astaxanthin diester (Asta-DE) was better than astaxanthin monoester (Asta-ME) and free astaxanthin (F-Asta), as determined based on the degradation rate constant at 60 °C.

Defining Essential Enhancers for Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Features-Oriented CRISPR-Cas9 Screen.

cis-regulatory elements (CREs) regulate the expression of genes in their genomic neighborhoods and influence cellular processes such as cell-fate maintenance and differentiation. To date, there remain major gaps in the functional characterization of CREs and the identification of their target genes in the cellular native environment. In this study, we perform a features-oriented CRISPR-utilized systematic (FOCUS) screen of OCT4-bound CREs using CRISPR-Cas9 to identify functional enhancers important for pluripotency maintenance in mESCs.

Preparation, characterization and antioxidant activity of astaxanthin esters with different molecular structures.

Background: Astaxanthin (Asta) is widely used in the nutraceutical and food industry because of its strong antioxidant properties. However, natural Asta mainly exists in the esterified form with various fatty acid chains, making it difficult to understand the particular molecular structure of astaxanthin esters (Asta-Es) that have better antioxidant capacity. In this study, Asta-Es with different molecular structures was systematically prepared, and identified by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible), high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( H-NMR).

Influence of oil matrixes on stability, antioxidant activity, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of astaxanthin ester.

Background: Astaxanthin ester (Asta-E) is used as functional nutraceuticals in many food products. Unfortunately, Asta-E utilization is currently limited owing to its chemical instability and low bioavailability. The purpose of this study is to investigate the promotion effect of oil matrixes on the stability, antioxidant activity, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Asta-E.

Unraveling Heterogeneity in Transcriptome and Its Regulation Through Single-Cell Multi-Omics Technologies.

Cellular heterogeneity plays a pivotal role in tissue homeostasis and the disease development of multicellular organisms. To deconstruct the heterogeneity, a multitude of single-cell toolkits measuring various cellular contents, including genome, transcriptome, epigenome, and proteome, have been developed. More recently, multi-omics single-cell techniques enable the capture of molecular footprints with a higher resolution by simultaneously profiling various cellular contents within an individual cell.

Effect of mandibular advancement device treatment on HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF in the myocardium of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome rabbits.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in myocardial tissue. New Zealand rabbits were used to develop OSAHS and MAD models. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the upper airway and polysomnography (PSG) recordings were performed with the animals in the supine position.

Kinetic interactions of nanocomplexes between astaxanthin esters with different molecular structures and β-lactoglobulin.

The influence of different fatty acid carbon chains on the kinetic interactions of nanocomplexes between esterified astaxanthin (E-Asta) and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) were investigated by multi-spectroscopy and molecular modeling techniques. We synthesized ten different E-Asta bound to β-Lg and formed nanocomplexes (< 300 nm). Fluorescence spectroscopy showed moderate affinities (binding constants Ka = 10-10 M).

Parallel bimodal single-cell sequencing of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility.

Joint profiling of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility within single cells allows for the deconstruction of the complex relationship between transcriptional states and upstream regulatory programs determining different cell fates. Here, we developed an automated method with high sensitivity, assay for single-cell transcriptome and accessibility regions (ASTAR-seq), for simultaneous measurement of whole-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility within the same single cell. To show the utility of ASTAR-seq, we profiled 384 mESCs under naive and primed pluripotent states as well as a two-cell like state, 424 human cells of various lineage origins (BJ, K562, JK1, and Jurkat), and 480 primary cord blood cells undergoing erythroblast differentiation.

Hydrophilic Astaxanthin: PEGylated Astaxanthin Fights Diabetes by Enhancing the Solubility and Oral Absorbability.

To develop hydrophilic astaxanthin with significantly enhanced solubility and stability, astaxanthin polyethylene glycol succinate (APGS) was synthesized by esterification of an astaxanthin succinate diester with polyethylene glycol 1000. The chemical structure of the hydrophilic derivative was confirmed by H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra. APGS showed better solubility than free astaxanthin in water and enhanced bioavailability compared to that of free astaxanthin.

Banded versus modified appliances for anchorage during maxillary protraction.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare banded versus modified appliances for anchorage during maxillary protraction in Class III malocclusions.

Patients And Methods: The sample size consisted of 40 growing patients with Class III maxillary deficiency: 20 patients received maxillary protraction with a modified appliance and 20 patients with a banded appliance. Pre- and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs of all subjects were obtained and analyzed.