Phosphate-to-alanine ratio and bilirubin-to-androsterone glucuronide ratio are the hub metabolites in upper gastrointestinal cancers: a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study.

Objective: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers, particularly esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) represent a significant health burden with complex etiologies. Metabolic alterations are known to play a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Identifying key metabolic biomarkers may offer insights into the pathophysiology of UGI cancers and potential therapeutic targets.

Causal association between metabolites and upper gastrointestinal tumors: A Mendelian randomization study.

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tumors, notably gastric cancer (GC) and esophageal cancer (EC), are significant global health concerns due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. However, only a limited number of metabolites have been identified as biomarkers for these cancers. To explore the association between metabolites and UGI tumors, the present study conducted a comprehensive two‑sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available genetic data.