Comparative Study on the Mechanism of Macrophage Activation Induced by Polysaccharides from Fresh and Dried Longan.

Longan ( Lour.) is a kind of traditional fruit used as a medicine and a food. Fresh longan is primarily consumed as a fruit, whereas dried longan is commonly employed for medicinal purposes.

The association of islet autoantibodies with the neural retinal thickness and microcirculation in type 1 diabetes mellitus with no clinical evidence of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To examine the association between islet autoantibodies (IAbs) and the retinal neurovascular changes in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR).

Methods: This cross-sectional study measured the neural retinal structure and microvascular density of 118 NDR eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography. Retinal structure parameters included retinal thickness (RT), inner retinal thickness (iRT), retina never fibral layer thickness (RNFL thickness), ganglion cell complex thickness (GCC thickness), and loss volume of GCC.