A multifunctional soybean protein isolates crosslinked gelatins composite mulch film: Fabrication, characterization, and application.

The development of sustainable agriculture has boosted an increase in demand for biodegradable and multifunctional biomass-based mulch films. Herein, a sort of eco-friendly and multifunctional soybean protein isolates crosslinked gelatins (SPI-c-Gel) composite mulch films were elaborately designed through the Schiff base reaction. The formation of physical entanglement and chemical cross-linking between the molecular chains of SPI and Gel could effectively dissipate the loading energy and thereby strengthen the resistance of the composite mulch films to water penetration.

Enhancing reed cellulose conversion to glucose with octyl glucoside and tea saponin pretreatment.

Low pretreatment temperatures are beneficial for enhancing the activity of both soluble lignin and lignin in pretreated solids. To achieve high-activity lignin and a higher glucose yield at a lower lignin removal rate and reduced enzymatic loading, the synergistic effects of octyl glucoside and tea saponin during low-temperature ammonia‑oxygen pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis were explored. Utilizing a moderated lignin extraction at 38 %, with pretreatment at 110 °C, and enriched with 1 % octyl glucoside and 0.

Oxygen Functional Groups Regulate Cobalt-Porphyrin Molecular Electrocatalyst for Acidic HO Electrosynthesis at Industrial-Level Current.

Electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO) based on proton exchange membrane (PEM) reactor represents a promising approach to industrial-level HO production, while it is hampered by the lack of high-efficiency electrocatalysts in acidic medium. Herein, we present a strategy for the specific oxygen functional group (OFG) regulation to promote the HO selectivity up to 92 % in acid on cobalt-porphyrin molecular assembled with reduced graphene oxide. In situ X-ray adsorption spectroscopy, in situ Raman spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy combined with theoretical calculation unravel that different OFGs exert distinctive regulation effects on the electronic structure of Co center through either remote (carboxyl and epoxy) or vicinal (hydroxyl) interaction manners, thus leading to the opposite influences on the promotion in 2e ORR selectivity.

Crystalline Phase Engineering to Modulate the Interfacial Interaction of the Ruthenium/Molybdenum Carbide for Acidic Hydrogen Evolution.

Ruthenium (Ru) is an ideal substitute to commercial Pt/C for the acidic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but it still suffers from undesirable activity due to the strong adsorption free energy of H* (Δ). Herein, we propose crystalline phase engineering by loading Ru clusters on precisely prepared cubic and hexagonal molybdenum carbide (α-MoC/β-MoC) supports to modulate the interfacial interactions and achieve high HER activity. Advanced spectroscopies demonstrate that Ru on β-MoC shows a lower valence state and withdraws more electrons from the support than that of Ru on α-MoC, indicative of a strong interfacial interaction.

Biodegradable and multifunctional black mulch film decorated with darkened lignin induced by iron ions for "green" agriculture.

High-value utilization of bleached lignin has been widely used in different fields, whereas the investigation on darkened lignin in composite materials was often ignored. In this work, a sort of eco-friendly and structurally robust sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) black composite mulch film was elaborately designed. The chelation and redox reaction effect between Fe ions and SLS lead to the formation of a more quinones structure on lignin, darkening both lignin and the mulch films.

Different responses of taxonomic and functional trait structure of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages to eutrophication in a large Chinese freshwater lake.

Functional trait measures have the potential to represent local habitat conditions and are considered promising tools for biomonitoring and bioassessment programs. Macroinvertebrates are an ecologically significant group in freshwater ecosystems and possess a range of functional traits which are employed to assess ecological quality. Nevertheless, the relationships between macroinvertebrate functional structure and anthropogenic disturbances remain poorly understood.

Multifunctional soybean protein isolate-graft-carboxymethyl cellulose composite as all-biodegradable and mechanically robust mulch film for "green" agriculture.

Multifunctional mulch films with robust mechanical behaviors of biopolymer-based biodegradable mulch materials were highly demanded in promoting the development of "green" agriculture. Herein, a sort of mechanically robust and all-biodegradable soybean protein isolate-graft‑sodium carboxymethyl cellulose composite mulch film was innovatively proposed through the amidation reactions between -COOH on protonated sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and -NH on soybean protein isolate. Arising from the reinforced intermolecular interactions upon chemical covalent bonds and physical hydrogen bonds, the maximum tensile strength and the elongation at break were increased from 10.

Electrocatalytic water oxidation enabling the highly selective oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde.

An electrooxidation strategy mediated by reactive oxygen species is proposed to realize the transformation of styrene to benzaldehyde on a Pt anode, with a high selectivity of 89% and faradaic efficiency of 28.8%. Isotopic labelling, electron paramagnetic resonance and radical scavenging experiments revealed that OH˙ and O˙ species, formed anodic water oxidation, play a crucial role in the selective formation of benzaldehyde.