Cognitive and Social-Emotional Development in Girls With Fragile X Syndrome.

Objectives: To evaluate the developmental trajectory of key cognitive, social, and emotional features in girls with fragile X syndrome (FXS).

Methods: This longitudinal, parallel cohort study collected data between January 2018 and December 2022. Participants were evaluated 3 times with ∼12-18 months between visits.

Longitudinal Changes in Functional Neural Activation and Sensitization During Face Processing in Fragile X Syndrome.

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic condition associated with increased risk for social anxiety and avoidance. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we previously demonstrated aberrant neural activity responding to faces in young girls with FXS cross-sectionally. Here, we tested the hypothesis that abnormalities in neural activation and sensitization would increase with age in 65 girls with FXS (ages 6-16 years) relative to an age-matched control group of 52 girls who had comparable cognitive function and clinical symptoms.

Childhood exposure to organophosphate pesticides: Functional connectivity and working memory in adolescents.

Background: Early life exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides is linked with adverse neurodevelopment and brain function in children. However, we have limited knowledge of how these exposures affect functional connectivity, a measure of interaction between brain regions. To address this gap, we examined the association between early life OP pesticide exposure and functional connectivity in adolescents.

Prepregnancy dieting and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes: Findings from a national surveillance project in the United States.

Problem And Background: Women with overweight or obesity are recommended to lose weight before pregnancy. Dieting is one of the most used weight control strategies. However, the health implications of dieting before pregnancy remain unclear.

Prepregnancy weight loss and maternal metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers during pregnancy: An analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Aim: Women with overweight or obesity are recommended to lose weight before conception to optimize pregnancy outcomes. However, the obstetrical implications of prepregnancy weight loss have been minimally examined. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between prepregnancy weight loss and maternal metabolic and inflammatory profiles during a subsequent pregnancy.

Prevalence and incidence of mild cognitive impairment in adults with diabetes in the United States.

Background: Limited evidence exists about the prevalence and incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in individuals with diabetes in the U.S. We aimed to address such knowledge gaps using a nationally representative study dataset.

Aerobic Exercise, Cognitive Performance, and Brain Activity in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder for which behavioral treatments such as exercise are recommended as part of a multidisciplinary treatment program. Exercise improves executive function in individuals with ADHD, but limited information exists regarding the mechanisms involved in the response. We examined task-evoked brain responses during exercise and seated rest in 38 adolescents ( n = 15 ADHD; age, 13.

Pregnant Women Following Bariatric Surgery: a Focus on Maternal Mental Health and Its Impact on Birth Outcomes.

Purpose: Bariatric surgery is associated with elevated risks for adverse birth outcomes, such as small-for-gestational-age infants (SGA). Maternal mental health is a critical regulator of fetal growth, but it is largely overlooked in pregnant women post-surgery. This study aimed to examine the associations between maternal mental health and birth outcomes in pregnant women post-bariatric surgery.

Risk factors for preterm birth in pregnancies following bariatric surgery: an analysis of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2.

Background: Bariatric surgery has been shown to increase the risk for preterm birth in a subsequent pregnancy. Determining factors that contribute to this heightened risk will inform the development of targeted interventions to improve birth outcomes postbariatric surgery.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify risk factors of preterm birth in pregnancies following bariatric surgery.

Association between maternal psychological factors and offspring executive function: analysis of African-American mother-child dyads.

Background: Executive function (EF) develops throughout childhood and adolescence; however, little is known about whether and how early life factors are associated with EF during these two stages. This secondary analysis examined the associations between maternal psychological characteristics at 2 years after childbirth and offspring EF at 6 and 18 years.

Methods: Data were from the 18-year New Mothers' Study in Memphis, TN.

Desire to lose weight was associated with the adoption of weight control strategies but not healthier lifestyle behaviours among post-bariatric surgery patients: NHANES 2013-2018.

The desire to lose weight is presumably high among patients with severe obesity who have undergone bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study is to examine the associations of desire to lose weight with weight control strategies, depressive symptoms and lifestyle behaviours among post-bariatric surgery patients. Participants were adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2018) and self-identified a history of bariatric surgery.

A shared-parameter location-scale mixed model to link the responsivity in self-initiated event reports and the event-contingent Ecological Momentary Assessments.

We address the issue of (non-) responsivity of self-initiated assessments in Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) or other mobile health (mHealth) studies, where subjects are instructed to self-initiate reports when experiencing defined events, for example, smoking. Since such reports are self-initiated, the frequency and determinants of nonresponse to these event reports is usually unknown, however it may be suspected that nonresponse of such self-initiated reports is not random. In this case, existing methods for missing data may be insufficient in the modeling of these observed self-initiated reports.

Predictors of 30-day follow-up visit completion after primary bariatric surgery: an analysis of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program data registry.

Background: Adherence to follow-up visits is often unsatisfactory after bariatric surgery.

Objectives: To identify predictors, including surgery type and preoperative demographics, body mass index (BMI), medical conditions, and smoking status, of 30-day follow-up visit completion.

Setting: Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program participating centers (2015-2018).

The Effects and Patterns among Mobile Health, Social Determinants, and Physical Activity: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study.

Mobile health (mHealth) technologies and applications are becoming more and more accessible. The increased prevalence of wearable and embeddable sensors has opened up new opportunities to collect health data continuously outside of the clinical environment. Meanwhile, wearable devices and smartphone health apps are useful to address the issues of health disparities and inequities.

Mental Health, Behavior Change Skills, and Eating Behaviors in Postpartum Women.

Excessive postpartum weight retention conveys risks for future metabolic diseases. Eating behaviors influence postpartum weight retention; however, the modifiable predictors of eating behaviors remain unclear. Using data from a three-arm, randomized controlled trial, the purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations of mental health (e.

Eating patterns and unhealthy weight control behaviors are associated with loss-of-control eating following bariatric surgery.

Background: Loss-of-control (LOC) eating is associated with poor weight-loss outcomes following bariatric surgery. It is not clear whether eating patterns (e.g.

A Three-Level Mixed Model to Account for the Correlation at both the Between-Day and the Within-Day Level for Ecological Momentary Assessments.

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) studies aim to explore the interaction between subjects' psychological states and real environmental factors. During the EMA studies, participants can receive prompted assessments intensively across days and within each day, which results in three-level longitudinal data, e.g.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Relapse Situation Efficacy Questionnaire in a Weight Loss Treatment Study.

Objectives We assessed the psychometric properties of the Relapse Situation Efficacy Questionnaire - Weight (RSEQ-W) including internal consistency reliability, criterion-related validity (concurrent and predictive validity) and construct validity (convergent validity and factor analysis). Methods We administered the RSEQ-W at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months in a 12-month prospective behavioral weight loss study. Spearman correlations were used to examine the convergent and concurrent validity; multivariate linear regression was used to assess the predictive validity; exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principal component analysis.

The SMARTER pilot study: Testing feasibility of real-time feedback for dietary self-monitoring.

Self-monitoring (SM) of food intake is central to weight loss treatment. Technology makes it possible to reinforce this behavior change strategy by providing real-time feedback (FB) tailored to the diary entry. To test the feasibility of providing 1-4 daily FB messages tailored to dietary recordings via a smartphone, we conducted a 12-week pilot randomized clinical trial in Pittsburgh, PA in US in 2015.

The Impact of Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities on Binge Eating and Self-Efficacy among Adults in a Behavioral Weight Loss Trial.

The prevalence of obesity is a significant problem among racial and ethnic minorities and those of low socioeconomic status (SES). Psychosocial barriers, such as binge eating and low self-efficacy, are known to hinder the adoption of a more healthful diet. There is limited research identifying racial and SES differences in binge eating and self-efficacy.

Effects of Public Hospital Reform on Inpatient Expenditures in Rural China.

Public hospital reform is one priority area in the healthcare system reform that China launched in 2009. The Chinese government invested over $10bn for pilot projects in public hospital reform in rural China. However, little evidence exists on their effects.