Borealin Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant disease with high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. While Borealin is a putative oncogene that is dysregulated in multiple tumors, its exact role in HCC remains less investigated.

Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were employed to examine the relative amount of Borealin.

Activation of CB2 receptor inhibits pyroptosis and subsequently ameliorates cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis.

Background: Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), whose activities are upregulated during sepsis, may be related to the regulation of inflammatory programmed cell death called pyroptosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of CB2 activation in attenuation of inflammation through inhibiting pyroptosis in cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis andlipopolysaccharide (LPS) + ATP-stimulated macrophages.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were subjected to CLP procedure and treated with CB2 agonist HU308 and CB2 antagonist AM630.

Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Decreases Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Inflammatory Injury Through a Beta-Arrestin-1-Dependent Mechanism.

Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC), a type of hyoscyamus drug, has both antimuscarinic and antinicotinic activities and retains potent central and peripheral anticholinergic activities. Compared with other hyoscyamine, the notable advantage of PHC is that it has few M receptor-associated cardiovascular side effects. Recent studies and clinical trials have suggested that treatment with penehyclidine hydrochloride may also possess good effects in the treatment of lung injury.

M receptor is involved in the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride reduced endothelial injury in LPS-stimulated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell.

LPS has been recently shown to induce muscarinic acetylcholine 3 receptor (M receptor) expression and penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) is an anticholinergic drug which could block the expression of M receptor. PHC has been demonstrated to perform protective effect on cell injury. This study is to investigate whether the effect of PHC on microvascular endothelial injury is related to its inhibition of M receptor or not.