Construction of Fe Nanoparticles Interfacial Layer on Micron Al Surface: Boosting the Efficient Energy Release of High-Energy DAP-4 as a Gradient Catalyst.

The high-energy (Hdabco)[NH(ClO)] (DAP-4) with excellent energetic performance attracts wide attention from researchers. The investigation of its interaction with the Aluminum (Al) is of great importance. However, the higher ignition threshold of DAP-4 and the dense oxide layer (AlO) of Al severely limit the energy release efficiency of Al/DAP-4.

Crystal structure characterization, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and DFT calculation studies of 1-(6-amino-5-nitro-naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone.

The title compound, CHNO, was obtained by the de-acetyl-ation reaction of 1-(6-amino-5-nitro-naphthalen-2-yl)ethanone in a concentrated sulfuric acid methanol solution. The mol-ecule comprises a naphthalene ring system bearing an acetyl group (C-3), an amino group (C-7), and a nitro group (C-8). In the crystal, the mol-ecules are assembled into a two-dimensional network by N⋯H/H⋯N and O⋯H/H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions.

Atomic-scale Ru anchored on chromium-shavings as a precursor for a pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst.

In the leather manufacturing industry, the management of substantial quantities of solid waste containing chrome shavings remains a formidable challenge. Concurrently, there is a pressing need for the development of pH-universal and economically viable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In response to these intertwined challenges, this study proposes an innovative approach wherein the amino groups present on the surface of chrome shavings are utilized to immobilize single ruthenium atoms during pyrolysis, thereby facilitating the synthesis of hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts.

Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of -(6-acetyl-1-nitro-naphthalen-2-yl)acetamide.

The title compound, CHNO, was obtained from 2-acetyl-6-amino-naphthalene through two-step reactions of acetyl-ation and nitration. The mol-ecule comprises the naphthalene ring system consisting of functional systems bearing a acetyl group (C-2), a nitro group (C-5), and an acetyl-amino group (C-6). In the crystal, the mol-ecules are assembled into two-dimensional sheet-like structures by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions.

Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of Ammonium Nitrate on the Main Crystal Surface of Ferric Oxide: Experimental and Theoretical Studies.

Understanding the decomposition process of ammonium nitrate (AN) on catalyst surfaces is crucial for the development of practical and efficient catalysts in AN-based propellants. In this study, two types of nano-FeO catalysts were synthesized: spherical particles with high-exposure (104) facets and flaky particles with high-exposure (110) facets. Through thermal analysis and particle size analysis, it was found that the nanosheet-FeO catalyst achieved more complete AN decomposition despite having a larger average particle size compared to nanosphere-FeO.

Toxic elements pollution risk as affected by various input sources in soils of greenhouses, kiwifruit orchards, cereal fields, and forest/grassland.

Increasing food demand has led to more intensive farming, which threatens our ecosystem and human health due to toxic elements accumulation. This study aimed to estimate the vulnerability of different agricultural systems with unequal high fertilizer input practices regarding toxic element pollution in the greenhouse, kiwifruit orchard, cereal field, and forest/grassland. Soil samples were collected from 181 sites across Shaanxi Province, China, and analyzed for selected characteristics and toxic elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn).

High-value utilization of Cr-containing sludge: Eco-friendly and ultra-low-cost electrocatalyst for efficient OER in alkaline media from Cr-containing sludge.

Economically sustainable development requires more viable waste recycling solutions. In this context, we address the problem of utilizing chromium-containing sludge, a prevalent and environmentally hazardous waste. Meanwhile, sustainable energy development must develop ecology-friendly and low-cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media.

The effects of intrinsic water-use efficiency and climate on wood anatomy.

Climate warming may induce growth decline in warm-temperate areas subjected to seasonal soil moisture deficit, whereas increasing atmospheric CO concentration (C) is expected to enhance tree growth. An accurate understanding of tree growth and physiological processes responding to climate warming and increasing C is critical. Here, we analyzed tree-ring stable carbon isotope and wood anatomical traits of Pinus tabuliformis from Qinling Mountains in China to understand how lumen diameter (LD) determining potential hydraulic conductivity and cell-wall thickness (CWT) determining carbon storage responded to climate and C.

Hypochlorous acid-activated near-infrared fluorescent probe for in vivo/exogenous detection and dairy toxicity evaluation.

Oxidative stress has been reported to be closely associated with many diseases, and an excessive overdose of hypochlorite (ClO) can also induce stress-related diseases. In this study, we designed and synthesized a NIR probe, named W-1a based on computational analysis of DCM (4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran) derivatives for specific detection of ClO. The probe exhibited dual fluorescence and colorimetric sensing with a response time of <1 min and a detection limit of 0.

Steriodal saponins from the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis Baker.

Chemical constituent investigation on the n-BuOH extract of the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis Baker leads to the isolation of ten compounds including eight undescribed furostanol saponins, tupischinosides A - H, and two known ones. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences. Interestingly, tupischinosides A and B, C and D, E and F, G and H were identified as four pairs of epimers.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis of (1a,3a,4a,5a)-15-acet-oxy-linden-7(11),8-trieno-12,8-lactone.

The structure of the title com-pound, CHO [systematic name: (1a,3a,4a,5a)-15-(acet-oxy)linden-7(11),8-trieno-12,8-lactone or (4a,5,5a,6a,6b)-5-(acet-oxy-meth-yl)-4a,5,5a,6,6a,6b-hexa-hydro-3,6b-di-methyl-cyclo-propa[2,3]indeno-[5,6-]furan-2(4)-one, -chloranthalactone C], a natural product iso-lated from the whole plant Sieb., is a typical lin-den-ane-type sesquiterpenoid. The mol-ecule com-prises a bi-cyclo-[3.

Theoretical simulation study on crystal property and hygroscopicity of ADN doping with nitramine explosives (RDX, HMX, and CL-20).

To effectively modify the strong hygroscopicity of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) crystal, the modification of ADN crystal in the 298 K under vacuum environment was studied through theoretical calculation. Three kinds of energetic nitramine molecules (X = RDX, HMX, and CL-20) were inserted into ADN crystal in different proportions (the molecular ratios of ADN to X are 6/1, 12/1, 18/1, and 24/1), to form a total of 12 kinds of designed ADN crystals. The results show that with the modification of ADN crystal with RDX, HMX, and CL-20, the crystal space group, cell parameters, crystal density, and growth morphology will be changed under vacuum conditions.

Variations in lignin monomer contents and stable hydrogen isotope ratios in methoxy groups during the biodegradation of garden biomass.

Lignin, a highly polymerized organic component of plant cells, is one of the most difficult aromatic substances to degrade. Selective biodegradation under mild conditions is a promising method, but the dynamic variations in lignin monomers during the biodegradation of lignocellulose are not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the differences in lignin degradation under different microbial inoculation based on the lignin monomer content, monomer ratio, and stable hydrogen isotope ratio of lignin methoxy groups (δH).

Phthalate pollution and migration in soil-air-vegetable systems in typical plastic agricultural greenhouses in northwestern China.

Phthalate pollution in plastic greenhouses (PGs) has aroused concerns. However, mechanisms and factors of vegetables planted in PGs (VPGs) accumulating phthalates from soil and air are unclear. To fill the gap, 19 PGs in Shaanxi, the largest vegetable production province in northwestern China, were selected to probe this issue.

[Measurement and research status of stable hydrogen isotopes in tree-ring lignin methoxyl groups].

The primary hydrogen (H) source for all organic compounds in the biosphere is from water, and then participates in biogeochemical cycles through photosynthesis and plant physiological metabolism. As a new proxy of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, stable hydrogen isotope ratios in wood lignin methoxyl groups (δH) show great advantages in the studies of paleoclimatic change and have been used to reconstruct precipitation stable hydrogen isotope ratios and paleoclimate signals in many regions. Based on the lignin application mechanism and analysis method of δH, we evaluated the stability and effectiveness of δH-measurement method from lignin content and lignin monomer composition, and expounded the tree lignin methoxyl groups' stable isotope proxies of current research outcomes.

Ecological-health risks assessment and source identification of heavy metals in typical greenhouse vegetable production systems in Northwest China.

Due to the high cropping index and substantial agricultural inputs in greenhouse vegetable production systems (GVP), the environmental problems caused by heavy metals in GVP are becoming increasingly serious. A systematic investigation of heavy metals accumulation was carried out in GVP located in Jingyang, Shaanxi, China. The accumulation of Cd and Hg was assessed to be more significant than that of other elements in these GVP soils.

Transfer of heavy metals in fruits and vegetables grown in greenhouse cultivation systems and their health risks in Northwest China.

Due to the high cropping index and substantial agricultural inputs in greenhouse cultivation systems (GCS) compared to traditional farming methods, the environmental problems caused by heavy metals in GCS are becoming increasingly serious. The concentration of the heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil and food crops were analyzed and assessed in two study areas. There were greater accumulation of heavy metals in soils from Central Shaanxi (CS) than that from Northern Shaanxi (NS).

Temperature signal recorded in δH and δC values of wood lignin methoxyl groups from a permafrost forest in northeastern China.

Stable isotopes in wood lignin methoxyl groups (δH and δC values) have been suggested as valuable complementary paleoclimate proxies. In permafrost forests, tree growth is influenced by multiple factors, however temperature appears to have the strongest impact on tree growth and, therefore, on carbon cycling. To test whether δH and δC values of trees from permafrost regions might record climate parameters, two dominant tree species (Larix gmelinii, larch, and Pinus sylvestris var.

Two new sesquiterpenes from Chloranthus japonicus Sieb.

Two new sesquiterpenes, namely, 1β,10β-dihydroxy-eremophil-7(11), 8-dien-12,8-olide (1) and 8,12-epoxy-1β-hydroxyeudesm-3,7,11-trien-9-one (2), together with three known sesquiterpenoids, shizukolidol (3), 4α-hydroxy-5α(H)-8β-methoxy-eudesm-7(11)-en-12,8-olide (4), and neolitacumone B (5), and two known monoterpenes, (3R,4S,6R)-p-menth-1-en-3,6-diol (6) and (R)-p-menth-1-en-4,7-diol (7), were isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those of related known compounds. Compounds 4-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Three Sesquiterpenoid Dimers from Chloranthus japonicus: Absolute Configuration of Chlorahololide A and Related Compounds.

A novel sesquiterpenoid dimer, named multistalide C (1), together with two known congeners, shizukaols C (2) and D (3), was isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. The structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated by extensive HR-ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-3 exhibited significant toxic effects on brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina).

Crystal structure of 2-[(1R,2R,4aS,8aS)-2-hy-droxy-2,5,5,8a-tetra-methyl-deca-hydro-naphthalen-1-yl]-N-(o-tol-yl)acetamide.

The title compound, C23H35NO2, is an amide derivative of the lactone (+)-sclareolide, and was synthesized from natural sclareol. In the mol-ecular structure, the two six-membered rings (A and B) of the labdane skeleton are trans-fused, and adopt chair conformations. There is an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond present forming an S(7) ring motif.

Crystal structure of 3a,6,6,9a-tetra-methyl-dodeca-hydro-naphtho-[2,1-b]furan-2-ol.

The title compound (common name: sclaral), C16H28O2, is a sclareolide derivative, which was synthesized from sclareolide itself. In the mol-ecule, the two six-membered rings, A and B, of the labdane skeleton adopt chair conformations and the five-membered O-containing heterocyclic ring C displays an envelope conformation, with the methine C atom of the fused C-C bond as the flap. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [100].

Crystal structure of N-de-acetyl-lappa-coni-tine.

The title compound, C30H42N2O7 [systematic name: (1S,4S,5S,7S,8S,9S,10S,11S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-20-ethyl-4,8,9-trihy-droxy-1,14,16-tri-meth-oxy-aconitan-4-yl 2-amino-benzoate], isolated from roots of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai, is a typical aconitane-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloid, which crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The conformations of the two independent mol-ecules are closely similar. Each mol-ecule comprises four six-membered rings (A, B, D and E) including one six-membered N-containing heterocyclic ring (E), and two five-membered rings (C and F).

Crystal structure of sepaconitine, a C19-diterpenoid alkaloid from the roots of Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai.

The title compound [systematic name: [(1α,14α,16β)-20-ethyl-8,9,10-trihy-droxy-1,14,16-tri-meth-oxy-aconitan-4-yl 2-amino-benzoate], C30H42N2O8, a natural C19-diterpenoid alkaloid, possesses an aconitane carbon skeleton with four six-membered rings and two five-membered rings. The fused ring system contains two chair, one boat, one twist-boat and two envelope conformations. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed between the amino and carbonyl groups.

Crystal structure of 4α-hy-droxy-5α,8β(H)-eudesm-7(11)-en-8,12-olide monohydrate.

The title compound, C15H22O3·H2O, is a natural producr isolated from Chloranthus japonicus, which is a eudesmane sesquiterpenoid. The two trans-fused six-membered rings have chair confomations. In the crystal, O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components into corrugated layers parallel to the bc plane.