Early diagnosis of venous thromboembolism as a clinical primary symptom of occult cancer: Core proteins of a venous thrombus.

Malignancy is one of the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE). As a common accompanying factor of malignant tumors, almost 20% of idiopathic VTEs are identified in patients with occult types of cancer as the primary symptom. The type of internal association that exists between malignant tumors and VTE has not yet been determined.

Immune Cell Repertoire and Their Mediators in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction or Stable Angina Pectoris.

To evaluate the natural innate and adaptive immunity through gene expression and cytology levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stable angina pectoris (SAP) and controls. : 210 patients with AMI, 210 with SAP, and 250 clinical controls were recruited. Whole human genome microarray analysis was performed in 20 randomly chosen subjects per group were examined to detect the expressions of complement markers, natural killer cells, T cells and B cells.

Depletion of complement system immunity in patients with myocardial infarction.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences in the expression of complement system genes, and serum levels of CH50, C3 and C4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with myocardial infarction (AMI), stable angina pectoris (SA) and controls. A total of 100 patients with AMI, 100 with SA and 100 clinical controls were recruited in the present study. In each group, 20 randomly selected individuals were examined using whole human genome microarray analysis to detect the expression of genes of the complement system.

Characteristics of B cell‑associated gene expression in patients with coronary artery disease.

The current study aimed to identify differentially expressed B cell‑associated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and observe the changes in B cell activation at different stages of coronary artery disease. Groups of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stable angina (SA), as well as healthy volunteers, were recruited into the study (n=20 per group). Whole human genome microarray analysis was performed to examine the expression of B cell‑associated genes among these three groups.

The origin and onset of acute venous thrombus.

Under the condition of immune cell balancing function collapse, acute venous thrombosis originates from intravenous immune adhesive inflammations triggered by cells which are infected by foreign pathogenic microorganism and malignant cells. With the condition of immune cell balancing function collapse, the human body lost the function of clearing intravenous foreign pathogenic microorganism and malignant cells timely and effectively. Thus, integrins β2 and β3 on the membrane of white blood cells and platelets are activated to combine with the ligand fibrinogen into a reversible mesh-like structure, which is like the intravenous biological filter and acts as physical defense of the human body to prevent the cells which are infected by foreign pathogenic microorganism and malignant cells in the distal veins from flowing back to the whole body.

Differential loss of natural killer cell activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and stable angina pectoris.

Background: To evaluate the activity of natural killer cells through their inhibitory and activating receptors and quantity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells extracted from patients with acute myocardial infarction, stable angina pectoris and the controls.

Methods: 100 patients with myocardial infarction, 100 with stable angina, and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited into the study. 20 randomly chosen people per group were examined for the whole human genome microarray analysis to detect the gene expressions of all 40 inhibitory and activating natural killer cell receptors.

Comparison of cytokine expressions in acute myocardial infarction and stable angina stages of coronary artery disease.

Objective: To investigate the differential gene expression of cytokines and compare their impacts on the immune functions among the acute myocardial infarction patients (AMI), the stable angina patients (SA) and the controls.

Methods: 20 patients with AMI, 20 patients with SA and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited into the study. Whole human genome microarray analysis was used to detect the gene expression differences in interferons, interleukins, chemokines, tumor necrosis factors and associated receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) among three groups.

Differential expression of T cell-related genes in AMI and SA stages of coronary artery disease.

Objective: To identify differentially expressed T cells-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and compare their differences in T cell activation and subset functions in different stages of coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD).

Methods: 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction patients (AMI), 20 patients with stable angina pectoris (SA) and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited into the study. Whole human genome microarray analysis was used to detect the expression of T cell related genes among three groups.

Increased Expressions of Integrin Subunit β1, β2 and β3 in Patients with Acute Infection.

Objective: Our previous studies have shown that integrin subunits β1, β2 and β3 were the core proteins of venous thrombi and potential useful biomarker of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Patients with acute infection have a high risk of VTE. In this study we explored that is there any relevance between core proteins and acute infection.

Characterization of immune cells and perforin mutations in familiar venous thromboembolism.

Aim: This study was to carry out exome sequencing in a Han Chinese family with venous thromboembolism.

Methods: Three venous thromboembolism (VTE) patients and five members from a Han Chinese family were evaluated by exome sequencing.

Results: Among the 3 VTE patients, mutations of 2 genes including PRF1 and HTR2A were identified and predicted to be functionally damaged to their encoded proteins.

Significantly reduced function of T cells in patients with acute arterial thrombosis.

Objectives: To explore the intrinsic factors related to the pathogenesis of acute arterial thrombosis (AAT) and to elucidate the pathogenesis of AAT on the basis of differentially expressed genes.

Methods: Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stable angina (SA) and healthy controls (n = 20 per group) were recruited, and the whole human genome microarray analysis was performed to detect the differentially expressed genes among these subjects.

Results: Patients with AMI had disease-specific gene expression pattern.

Expression characteristics of neutrophil and mononuclear-phagocyte related genes mRNA in the stable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction stages of coronary artery disease.

Objective: To investigate expression differences of neutrophil and mononuclear phagocyte related gene mRNAs among acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stable angina (SA) and control groups, and then discuss their expression characteristics in the stable angina pectoris (SAP) and AMI stages of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarrays were applied to assess the differential expression characteristics of neutrophil and mononuclear phagocyte related mRNAs in patients with AMI (n = 20), SA (n = 20) and controls (n = 20).

Results: (1) Almost all colony-stimulating factors (CSF) and their receptors related mRNAs was up-regulated in AMI and SA groups compared with the control group, and the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) mRNAs in the AMI group was significantly up-regulated compared with the other two groups (P < 0.

Internal relationship between symptomatic venous thromboembolism and risk factors: up-regulation of integrin β1, β2 and β3 levels.

Background: To compare different expression of core proteins among venous thromboembolism (VTE) and those with risk factor groups and analyze the relative risk for VTE after integrating integrin β1, β2 and β3 expression.

Methods: A total of 1006 subjects were recruited and divided into VTE group, risk factor groups and control (non- risk factor) group. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the expression of integrin β1, β2 and β3.

Increased expressions of integrin subunit β1, β2 and β3 in patients with cancer ------correlation analysis between risk factors of VTE and expression of core proteins.

Objective: Cancer is one of the most common risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Our previous studies have shown that integrin subunits β1, β2 and β3 were the core proteins of venous thrombi and potential useful biomarker of VTE. This study aimed to explore the expression status of core proteins (integrin subunits β1, β2 and β3) in cancer patients.

Differential expression of 5-HT-related genes in symptomatic pulmonary embolism patients.

Objective: Whole human genome oligo microarrays were employed to systematically investigate the mRNA expression profile of 5-HT synthetase, transporter, receptor, and factors in 5-HT signaling pathway in peripheral blood karyocytes from pulmonary embolism (PE) patients.

Methods: A total of 20 PE patients and 20 healthy subjects matched in gender and age were recruited. The human genome microarrays were performed to detect the mRNA expression profile of 5-HT synthetase, transporter, receptor, and factors in 5-HT signal pathway of two groups.

Analysis of the protein-protein interaction networks of differentially expressed genes in pulmonary embolism.

The aim of the present study was to explore the function and interaction of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pulmonary embolism (PE). The gene expression profile GSE13535, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The DEGs 2 and 18 h post‑PE initiation were identified using the affy package in R software.

Expression of B-cell-associated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism.

The aim of the present study was to identify differentially expressed B‑cell‑associated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and investigate the gene expression characteristics of the different stages of B‑cell activation. A total of 20 patients with pulmonary embolisms (PE) and 20 age‑ and gender‑matched controls were enrolled in the present study. Human complementary DNA microarray analysis was used in order to detect the differential expression of B‑cell‑associated genes between the PE and control groups.

Increased expressions of integrin subunit β1, β2 and β3 in patients with venous thromboembolism: new markers for venous thromboembolism.

Objective: To investigate the core proteins (integrin subunits β1, β2 and β3) in the acute venous thrombi and validate the specificity and sensitivity of increased expression of integrin subunits β1, β2 and β3 in patients with venous thromboembolism.

Methods: A total of 120 patients (73 females) with clinically proven acute VTE and aged between 24-90 years, and 120 non-VTE patients and healthy controls receiving physical examination matched in the sex and age were recruited. Flow cytometry was done to measure the expressions of blood integrin β1, β2 and β3.

Relationship of high CH50 level and interruption of cascade reaction of complement mRNA expression in acute venous thromboembolism patients.

In patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), forepart components of complements were activated. However there are interruption/decrease of cascade reaction and cytolytic effects in complement system. This study detected CRP, CH50, C3 and C4 levels in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and compare with the imbalance of complement associated gene mRNA expression in PE patients.

Venous thromboembolism is a product in proliferation of cancer cells.

The pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer is related to the destruction of small veins and the intravenous formation of filamentous mesh-like structure by fibrinogen. The filamentous mesh-like filter can block hematogenous metastasis of cancer cells and also can stagnate blood cells, leading to venous thrombosis. Cancer cells have characteristics of malignancy and fast proliferation, and ischemic necrosis frequently occurs, and small veins were invaded and damaged.

Evaluation of heart function with impedance cardiography in acute myocardial infarction patients.

Unlabelled: To evaluate the capability of impedance cardiography (ICG) in reflecting the cardiac functions of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.

Methods: 99 inpatients with initial AMI were recruited. Venous blood was obtained for detection of N-terminal brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), B-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and c troponin-T (cTnT) followed by ICG.

Activation of circulated immune cells and inflammatory immune adherence are involved in the whole process of acute venous thrombosis.

Objective: To investigate localization and distribution of integrin subunit β1, β2 and β3 and morphological changes of ligand-recepter binding in thrombi of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) patients and explore activation of circulated immune cells, inflammatory immune adherence and coagulation response in acute venous thrombosis.

Methods: Thrombi were collected from patients with acute PE. Immunohistochemistry was done to detect the expression and distribution of integrin β1, β2 and β3 in cells within thrombi, and ligands of integrin subunit β1, β2 and β3 were also determined by immunohistochemistry within the thrombi.

Differential expression of leukocyte β2 integrin signal transduction‑associated genes in patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism.

Whole human genome oligo microarrays were employed to systematically investigate the differential expression characteristics of associated mRNAs, which were found in the signal transduction pathway of β2 integrins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) and controls. A total of 20 cases of PE patients and twenty gender‑ and age‑matched controls were recruited for the study. Human cDNA microarray analysis was used to detect the differences in mRNA expression between the two groups and a random variance model corrected t‑test was used to analyze the statistical data.

Characteristics of the complement system gene expression deficiency in patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism.

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a disease with a high mortality and morbidity rate, and the pathogenesis of PE remains still unclear. We aimed to investigate the gene expression differences of the complement system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with symptomatic PE and controls.

Methods: Twenty cases of PE patients and twenty sex and age matched controls were recruited into the study.

Gene expression levels of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with pulmonary embolism.

The aim of this study was to investigate the differential gene expression of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) and controls. Twenty patients with PE and twenty control patients matched for gender and age with the PE group were recruited into the study. Human cDNA microarray analysis was used to detect differences in the expression of cytokine-associated genes between the two groups.