Background: Melamine-contaminated milk powder was the cause of the 2008 outbreak of urolithiasis in young children and infants in China, but the prognosis of these children remains unknown. We hypothesized that urolithiasis induced by melamine-contaminated milk powder may be associated with secondary renal injury.
Methods: A total of 8335 children (≤6 years old) with a history of consuming melamine-contaminated milk powder were screened.