Strong, ductile, and hierarchical hetero-lamellar-structured alloys through microstructural inheritance and refinement.

The strength-ductility trade-off exists ubiquitously, especially in brittle intermetallic-containing multiple principal element alloys (MPEAs), where the intermetallic phases often induce premature failure leading to severe ductility reduction. Hierarchical heterogeneities represent a promising microstructural solution to achieve simultaneous strength-ductility enhancement. However, it remains fundamentally challenging to tailor hierarchical heterostructures using conventional methods, which often rely on costly and time-consuming processing.

Nonlinear Thermomechanical Low-Velocity Impact Behaviors of Geometrically Imperfect GRC Beams.

This paper studies the thermomechanical low-velocity impact behaviors of geometrically imperfect nanoplatelet-reinforced composite (GRC) beams considering the von Kármán nonlinear geometric relationship. The graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs) are assumed to have a functionally graded (FG) distribution in the matrix beam along its thickness, following the X-pattern. The Halpin-Tsai model and the rule of mixture are employed to predict the effective Young modulus and other material properties.

Efficient and Accurate Brain Tumor Classification Using Hybrid MobileNetV2-Support Vector Machine for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnostics in Neoplasms.

Background/objectives: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a vital role in brain tumor diagnosis by providing clear visualization of soft tissues without the use of ionizing radiation. Given the increasing incidence of brain tumors, there is an urgent need for reliable diagnostic tools, as misdiagnoses can lead to harmful treatment decisions and poor outcomes. While machine learning has significantly advanced medical diagnostics, achieving both high accuracy and computational efficiency remains a critical challenge.

Helical Assemblies of Colloidal Nanocrystals with Long-Range Order and Their Fusion into Continuous Structures.

Chirality epitomizes the sophistication of chemistry, representing some of its most remarkable achievements. Yet, the precise synthesis of chiral structures from achiral building blocks remains a profound and enduring challenge in synthetic chemistry and materials science. Here, we demonstrate that achiral colloidal nanocrystals, including Au and Ag nanocrystals, can assemble into long-range-ordered helical assemblies with the assistance of chiral molecules.

Anomalous drainage of lingular vein into left inferior pulmonary vein during thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery.

Background: The intricate anatomical variations in lung structure often perplex thoracic surgeons, and the accurate identification of these variations is closely associated with favorable surgical outcomes.

Case Presentation: A 53-year-old female patient who underwent computed tomography (CT) examination due to chest discomfort, revealing the presence of a partial solid nodule highly suspected of early-stage lung cancer, measuring approximately 2.8 × 2.

Heart rate variability in subthreshold depression and major depressive disorder.

Background: The relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and major depressive disorder (MDD) has been well explored. However, current researches lack an observation of HRV in subthreshold depression (SubD), which increases the risk of MDD and presents significant societal challenges.

Methods: This study compared resting state HRV among 128 MDD patients, 131 SubD individuals and 222 healthy controls (HC) recruited from the hospital, physical examination center, and colleges.

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics using Z-scheme MIL-88(Fe)/TiC/MoO: Mechanistic insights and toxicity assessment.

Antibiotic residues cause water contamination and disrupt aquatic ecosystems. Herein, we reported the fabrication of a novel Z-scheme heterojunction, MIL-88A(Fe)/TiC/MoO (MTO), for safe and efficient removal of antibiotics. TiC was introduced into the MIL-88A(Fe)/MoO (MO) heterojunction as an electronic mediator to accelerate charge separation.

Collagen/polyvinyl alcohol scaffolds combined with platelet-rich plasma to enhance anterior cruciate ligament repair.

In anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair methods, the continuous enzymatic erosion of synovial fluid can impede healing and potentially lead to repair failure, as well as exacerbate articular cartilage wear, resulting in joint degeneration. Inspired by the blood clot during medial collateral ligament healing, we developed a composite scaffold comprising collagen (1 %, w/v) and polyvinyl alcohol (5 %, w/v) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The composite scaffold provides a protective barrier against synovial erosion for the ruptured ACL, while simultaneously facilitating tissue repair, thereby enhancing the efficacy of ACL repair techniques.

Effects of storage durations on flavour and bacterial communities in Liupao tea.

Long-term storage of Liupao tea is conducive to improving its flavour and commercial value. Although bacterial communities influence Liupao tea flavour, their impact during storage remains unclear. The aroma compounds and bacterial communities were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and Illumina Nova6000 analysis.

A Missense Variant in the IKZF2 Gene Identified in a Genetically Undiagnosed Family With Hearing Loss.

Hearing loss is one of the conditions characterized by a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, and whole exome sequencing (WES) serves as a key method for identifying pathogenic variants. To date, 155 genes have been reported to be associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss. Recently, a study by Velde et al.

AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS (ARR-D-24-01334R1) Metabolic dysfunction contributes to mood disorders after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents significant risks concerning mortality and morbidity. Individuals who suffer from TBI may exhibit mood disorders, including anxiety and depression. Both preclinical and clinical research have established correlations between TBI and disturbances in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, iron, zinc, and copper, which are implicated in the emergence of mood disorders post-TBI.

Investigating the Process of Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease: Unveiling the Intricacies of Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies.

Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare condition characterized by immune-mediated damage to the inner ear, leading to progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and vestibular symptoms such as vertigo and tinnitus. This study investigates the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for AIED through the analysis of three cases with different underlying autoimmune disorders: rheumatoid arthritis, relapsing polychondritis, and IgG4-related disease. The etiology of AIED involves complex immunopathological mechanisms, including molecular mimicry and the "bystander effect," with specific autoantibodies, such as those against heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), playing a potential role in cochlear damage.

Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the growth and metabolism of highland barley seedlings based on LC-MS.

Microplastics are widely present in the environment and can adversely affect plants. In this paper, the effects of different concentrations of microplastics on physiological indices and metabolites of highland barley were investigated for the first time using a metabolomics approach, and revealed the response mechanism of barley seedlings to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) was revealed. The results showed that the aboveground biomass of highland barley exposed to low (10 mg/L) and medium (50 mg/L) concentrations of PS-MPs increased by 32.

Preclinical Assessment of Safety and Efficacy of Deferoxamine (DFO)-pretreated Feline Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Background/aim: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of deferoxamine (DFO) pretreated feline adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (fATMSCs) for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

Materials And Methods: fATMSCs were isolated from feline adipose tissue and characterized using flow cytometry for surface marker expression and differentiation assays for adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Different concentrations of DFO were used to evaluate its impact on fATMSC activity.

Excess Ub-K48 Induces Neuronal Apoptosis in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: K48-linked ubiquitin chain (Ub-K48) is a crucial ubiquitin chain implicated in protein degradation within the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, the precise function and molecular mechanism underlying the role of Ub-K48 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neuronal cell abnormalities remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the function of K48 ubiquitination in the etiology of AD, and its associated mechanism of neuronal apoptosis.

The specific medications for pulmonary arterial hypertension at functional class III to IV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of targeted drugs in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with cardiac function grades III-IV, and conduct a meta-analysis.

Methods: Two researchers independently searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies, with the search period extending from the establishment of the databases to March 2024. Meta-analysis was performed using statistical software Review Manager 5.

New findings of (Eugaleaspiformes, Galeaspida) from the Xiaoxi Formation in South China and their biostratigraphic significance.

New discoveries of the late Silurian fossil fish (Eugaleaspidae, Eugaleaspiformes, Galeaspida), sp. nov. and sp.

Alternative splicing: Therapeutic target for vasculopathy in diabetic complications.

It is becoming increasingly evident that diabetic vascular complications seriously threaten human health. The most prevalent microvascular complications include kidney disease, retinal disease, cardiovascular diseases and amputation. Conventional treatments can only relieve the progression of the diseases, and is no longer appropriate for the long-term management of diabetic patients.

Nonporous TiO@C microsphere with a highly integrated structure for high volumetric lithium storage and enhance initial coulombic efficiency.

To enhance the volumetric energy density and initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of titanium oxide (TiO) as anode electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIB), this study employed a surface-confined in-situ inter-growth mechanism to prepare a TiO embedded carbon microsphere composite. The results revealed that the composite exhibited a highly integrated structure of TiO with oxygen vacancies and carbon, along with an exceptionally small specific surface area of 11.52 m/g.

Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) exposure leads to cell apoptosis to HUVEC cells and toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans through increasing the oxidative stress.

Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP), a common phthalate plasticizer, is frequently encountered in everyday life. Despite its widespread use, there is a dearth of toxicological research on DIOP, resulting in incomplete knowledge of its potential harmful effects. Our current research endeavored to provide a comprehensive evaluation of DIOP's toxicological profile using both cellular and Caenorhabditis elegans models as our in vitro and in vivo study subjects.

Inhibiting HnRNP L-mediated alternative splicing of EIF4G1 counteracts immune checkpoint blockade resistance in Castration-resistant prostate Cancer.

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors produced significant clinical responses in a subset of cancer patients who were resistant to prior therapies. However, Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is seriously lack of T cell infiltration, which greatly limits the clinical application of immunotherapy, but the mechanism is unclear. In the present study, in silico analyses and experimental data show that HnRNP L was significantly negatively correlated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltration in patients; besides, we found deficiency of HnRNP L recruites CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltration and impairs tumorigenesis.

Investigation of a hemophilia family with one female hemophilia A patient and 12 male hemophilia A patients.

Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-chromosome-linked recessive genetic disorder. Female carriers may have bleeding symptoms, but rarely have moderate or severe disease. We identified a female patient with moderate HA by pedigree tracking and genetic testing in a HA family involving consanguineous marriage.

Combination Therapy with Baricitinib and Narrowband Ultraviolet B for Active Non-Segmental Vitiligo: A Retrospective Controlled Study.

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease manifested by depigmented patches of skin devoid of melanocytes. Baricitinib, a JAK inhibitor selectively targeting JAK1/2, has shown preliminary efficacy for vitiligo. We aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with baricitinib and narrowband UV-B (NB-UVB) to treat active nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV).

Prognostic Significance of Polymorphism rs140693 and Clinical Characteristics in Chinese Lung Cancer Patients.

Unlabelled: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of death among cancer patients, and the five-year survival rate is less than 25%. However, () polymorphism rs140693 predicts the prognosis of lung cancer patients still needs further verification. Primary lung cancer patients ( = 839) were collected from two hospitals, genomic DNA was extracted from blood, and genotyping was performed using SNPcan technology.

Gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations.