Preparation and performance control of ultra-low near-infrared reflectivity coatings with super-hydrophobic and outstanding mechanical properties.

The development of ultra-low near-infrared reflectivity coatings with outstanding engineering properties remains a challenge in laser stealth materials research. Herein, we reported a laser stealth coating with outstanding mechanical properties, super-hydrophobicity, and an ultra-low near-infrared reflectivity for 1.06 μm wavelength.

Syntheses and biological activities of calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives modified by sulfonic acid and sulfonamides.

Functionalization of -propyl-resorcinolcalix[4]arene (1a) and -iso-butyl-resorcinolcalix[4]arene (1b) with sodium sulfite and formaldehyde solution gave two corresponding sulfonatomethylated calix[4]resorcinarenes 2a/b. Further modification of 2a/b with different primary amines afforded three calix[4]resorcinarene sulfonamides 3a/b and 4c. Antibacterial and antitumor tests were performed on the starting calix[4]resorcinarenes and their sulfonic acid and sulfonamide derivatives.

Branched glycopolymer prodrug-derived nanoassembly combined with a STING agonist activates an immuno-supportive status to boost anti-PD-L1 antibody therapy.

Despite the great potential of anti-PD-L1 antibodies for immunotherapy, their low response rate due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has hampered their application. To address this issue, we constructed a cell membrane-coated nanosystem (mB4S) to reverse an immunosuppressive microenvironment to an immuno-supportive one for strengthening the anti-tumor effect. In this system, Epirubicin (EPI) as an immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer was coupled to a branched glycopolymer hydrazone bonds and diABZI as a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist was encapsulated into mB4S.

Progress of research on the bonding-strength improvement of two-layer adhesive-free flexible copper-clad laminates.

The arrival of the 5G era has placed high demands on the electronic products. Developing thin, light, and portable electronic products capable of simultaneously improving the transmission rate and reducing the signal delay and transmission loss is necessary to meet such demands. The traditional three-layer, adhesive, flexible copper-clad laminate (3L-FCCL) cannot satisfy these demands because of its adhesive component.

Injectable alginate hydrogel promotes antitumor immunity through glucose oxidase and Fe amplified RSL3-induced ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis induced by RAS-selective lethal small molecule 3 (RSL3) can trigger anti-tumor immune responses by reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). However, it is challenging to achieve sufficient ferroptosis in the tumor via RSL3 alone. Because of the excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capacity of glucose oxidase (GOx) and Fe, we hypothesized that GOx and Fe could increase intracellular lipid peroxidation (LPO) accumulation, and strengthen RSL3-induced ferroptosis in tumor cells.

Co-assembly of polymeric conjugates sensitizes neoadjuvant chemotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer with reduced systemic toxicity.

Rational design of polymeric conjugates could greatly potentiate the combination therapy of solid tumors. In this study, we designed and prepared two polymeric conjugates (HT-DTX and PEG-YC-1), whereas the drugs were attached to the PEG via a linker sensitive to cathepsin B, over-expressed in TNBC. Stable nanostructures were formed by these two polymer prodrug conjugates co-assembly (PPCC).

User Pairing for Delay-Limited NOMA-Based Satellite Networks with Deep Reinforcement Learning.

In this paper, we investigate a user pairing problem in power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme-aided satellite networks. In the considered scenario, different satellite applications are assumed with various delay quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, and the concept of effective capacity is employed to characterize the effect of delay QoS limitations on achieved performance. Based on this, our objective was to select users to form a NOMA user pair and utilize resource efficiently.

Probing non-equilibrium inner structure of polymeric nanoparticle via aggregation-induced emission of luminogen.

A molecular segregation inside a nanoparticle was crucial for its properties but usually hard to be determined, especially for organic particles. Herein, non-equilibrium polymeric nanoparticles loading a luminogen via an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) were prepared via an instant formation process, flash nanoprecipitation (FNP). Small organic molecules, polymeric excipients, and oily compounds were used as coprecipitants to reveal effects of conjugate moiety, glass transition temperature (T), and a condensed state of a coprecipitant on the fluorescence (FL) intensity of the suspension.

Green, General and Low-cost Synthesis of Porous Organic Polymers in Sub-kilogram Scale for Catalysis and CO Capture.

Porous organic polymers (POPs) with high porosity and tunable functionalities have been widely studied for use in gas separation, catalysis, energy conversion and energy storage. However, the high cost of organic monomers, and the use of toxic solvents and high temperatures during synthesis pose obstacles for large-scale production. Herein, we report the synthesis of imine and aminal-linked POPs using inexpensive diamine and dialdehyde monomers in green solvents.

Modulating tumor-stromal crosstalk via a redox-responsive nanomedicine for combination tumor therapy.

Interaction between carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor cells leads to the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. Herein, we prepared a redox-responsive chondroitin sulfate (CS)-based nanomedicine, in which hydrophobic cabazitaxel (CTX) was conjugated to the backbone of CS via glutathione (GSH)-sensitive dithiomaleimide (DTM) to form an amphipathic CS-DTM-CTX (CDC) conjugate, and dasatinib (DAS) co-assembled with the CDC conjugate to obtain DAS@CDC. After CD44 receptor-mediated internalization by CAFs, the nanomedicine could reverse CAFs to normal fibroblasts, blocking their crosstalk with tumor cells and reducing synthesis of major tumor extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen and fibronectin.

Asymmetric ring-opening reactions of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 1,3-cyclodiones.

Asymmetric ring-opening reactions of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with 1,3-cyclodiones have been established for the synthesis of enantioenriched γ-hydroxybutyric acid derivatives in the presence of Cu(ii)/trisoxazoline catalyst. These reactions offered the desired products in 70% to 93% yields with 79% to 99% enantiomeric excesses.

Environmental filling materials based on phosphogypsum powder with municipal solid waste incineration ash.

A new building filling materials (NBFM) using phosphogypsum and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is prepared in this paper. The effects of MSWI fly ash dosage and MSWI fly ash water washing pretreatment on mechanical properties, setting time, metal leaching, hydration products and microstructure of NBFM are analyzed by a range of experimental studies. The results indicate that the mechanical properties, setting time and the density of micro interface of NBFM are optimal when the MSWI fly ash dosage is 3%.

An Environmentally Friendly Inverse Microemulsion Method to Synthesize Polyacrylamide.

Polyacrylamide (PAM) was prepared by a new method of inverse microemulsion polymerization, with (NH)SO-NaSO as initiator and liquid paraffin/Span80-Op10/AM-HO-NaAc as polymerization system in this paper. The effects of initiator dosage, emulsifier dosage, monomer concentration, oil-water ratio, and temperature on molecular weight, electrical conductivity, particle size distribution, and monomer conversion were studied as well. The results indicate that that the more stable Polyacrylamide (PAM) polymer was prepared under the conditions of initiator dosage of 0.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis via silent information regulator transcript-1 (SIRT1)/nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway.

The protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis in vivo and in vitro will be explored in this study. The endometritis model was induced in female BALB/c mice uterus by perfusion with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and EGCG were administered at 1 h before LPS induction. The primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) were treated with EGCG for 1 h before LPS stimulation.

MYC inhibition reprograms tumor immune microenvironment by recruiting T lymphocytes and activating the CD40/CD40L system in osteosarcoma.

The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy depends on sufficient infiltration and activation of primed tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment. However, many tumor types, including osteosarcoma, mainly display immune-desert or immune-excluded phenotypes, which are characterized by a lack of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a poor response to ICB monotherapy. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to surmount these obstacles.

Molecular surface modification of silver chalcogenolate clusters.

This study presents a molecular surface modification approach to synthesizing a family of silver chalcogenolate clusters (SCCs) containing the same [AgS] core and different surface-bonded organic ligands (DMAc or pyridines; DMAc = dimethylacetamide), with the aim of tuning the luminescence properties and increasing the structural stability of the SCCs. The SCCs displayed strong and tuneable luminescence emissions at 77 K (from green to orange to red) as influenced by the peripheral pyridine ligands. In addition, SCC 5 protected by pyridine molecules was stable in ambient air, humid air and even liquid water for a long time (up to 1 week), and it was more structurally stable than SCC 1 bonded with DMAc molecules under the same conditions.

Lewis acid-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulations of oxindole based spirocyclic donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with ynamides.

[3 + 2] annulations of oxindole based spirocyclic donor-acceptor cyclopropanes and ynamides catalyzed by copper triflate have been developed for the synthesis of biologically important spirocyclopenteneoxindoles. These reactions tolerated a wide scope of substrates and provided the desired products in good to high yields (up to 90%) with up to >40 : 1 diastereoselectivities under mild conditions.

Enhanced chemo-photodynamic therapy of an enzyme-responsive prodrug in bladder cancer patient-derived xenograft models.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are powerful tools for understanding cancer biology and drug discovery. In this study, a polymeric nano-sized drug delivery system poly (OEGMA)-PTX@Ce6 (NPs@Ce6) composed of a photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and a cathepsin B-sensitive polymer-paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug was constructed. The photochemical internalization (PCI) effect and enhanced chemo-photodynamic therapy (PDT) were achieved via a two-stage light irradiation strategy.

Thermodynamic Properties Investigation of Process Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Its Transport Impact Factor in Oil Sands Management.

This paper presents a new approach for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) characteristics and their migration influencing factors in oil sands management processes and reveals the relationship between different asphaltene content and different solvents. Specifically, thermodynamic (i.e.

Dendron-Functionalized Polyglutamate-Pyropheophorbide-a Conjugates as Nanomedicines for Breast Cancer Photodynamic Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown its promise in the treatment of cancer. Herein, a dendron-functionalized polyglutamic acid (PGA) polymer (PG-L8G-Ppa-Dendron, PGPD) is synthesized and it is conjugated with pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa) for the first time to treat triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), whereas a linear polyglutamate-Ppa conjugate (PGP) is synthesized as a control. Compared to the linear counterpart, the glycosylated polymer-based PGPD with a dendritic structure has excellent solubility and it self-assembles to form uniform-sized nanoparticles.

Dual-functional ionic porous organic framework for palladium scavenging and heterogeneous catalysis.

Porous organic frameworks (POFs) with predesigned structures and tunable porosities have been widely studied in adsorption and heterogeneous catalysis. Introducing ionic structure into the framework endows POFs with new functionalities that may extend their applications. Here, we report new applications for a guanidinium-based ionic POF (IPOF-Cl) in palladium scavenging and heterogeneous catalysis.

Tumor microenvironment-responsive PEGylated heparin-pyropheophorbide-a nanoconjugates for photodynamic therapy.

To deliver photosensitizers with PEGylated heparin (HP) into tumor cells for photodynamic therapy, we prepared two polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized HP-based polymers conjugated with pyropheophorbide-a (Ppa): a non-GSH-responsive nanoagent (HP-Ppa-mPEG) with the mPEG moiety chemically attached to HP directly; and a GSH-responsive nanoagent (HP-Ppa-SS-mPEG) with the mPEG moiety conjugated to HP via a disulfide linkage. The Ppa-functionalized HP without PEGylation (HP-Ppa) was designed as another control. These amphiphilic polymers could aggregate into nanoparticles.

Application of an environmental multimedia modeling system for health risk assessment: Key influencing factors and uncertainties research.

In this paper, an environmental multimedia modeling system (EMMS) that combines a risk assessment with a Monte Carlo method (MCM) was used to explore the interaction between groundwater and surface water with respect to chemical exposure and risk. The EMMS-MCM simulations incorporated several key influencing factors that are inherent in traditional predictions of subsurface and surface-water interactions, including soil permeability coefficients and parameters such as hydraulic conductivity, density, recharge, layers, and depth. These influencing factors are generally associated with the largest sources of uncertainty in modeling and pose significant challenges to water management and to the optimal allocation of water resources.

Ring Opening of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Acyclic 1,3-Diketones for the Synthesis of 1,6-Dicarbonyl Compounds.

1,6-Dicarbonyl compounds, representing the formal addition products of the α-position of acetophenone derivatives to donor-acceptor cyclopropanes, were synthesized in two steps via first ring opening of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with acyclic 1,3-diketones followed by DBU catalyzed retro-Claisen-type C-C bond cleavage reactions. In the first step, acyclic 1,3-diketones selectively worked as C-nucleophiles to add to donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. In the second step, the alkyl ketone part of the ring-opening products resulting from unsymmetrical 1,3-diketones was selectively cleaved in the presence of DBU in methanol.