Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveal Accumulation of Key Metabolites with Medicinal Properties of .

, a macrofungal species in the , , is known to enhance the nutritional and bioactive properties of rice through co-fermentation; however, its own secondary metabolites are not well understood. In this study, an integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome data revealed that the accumulation of steroids, steroid derivatives, and triterpenoids in peaks during the mid-growth stage, while the genes associated with these metabolites show higher expression levels from the early to mid-growth stages. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified several modules containing candidate genes involved in the synthesis of steroids, steroid derivatives, and triterpenoids.

Medium composition optimization and characterization of polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma boninense along with antioxidant activity.

Ganoderma is a well-known medicinal macrofungal genus, of which several species have been thoroughly studied from the medicinal perspective, but most species are rarely involved in. In this study, we focus on the polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma boninense and their antioxidant activity. Ganoderma boninense is a serious pathogen of oil palms that are cultivated commercially in Southeast Asia.

gen. nov., A Revision of Generic Delimitation in ().

is a fungal order with highly diverse morphological traits of basidiomes, which partially leads to a poor understanding of its taxonomic system at the generic level. To identify our recently collected specimens of to a species level, we perform a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the generic relationships in . In association with morphological characteristics, a new genus belonging to is erected with two new species, namely, and .

Redelimitation of (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) with sp. nov.

accommodates species with diverse basidiomes and hymenophores. From morphological and phylogenetic perspectives, we perform a taxonomic study on , a recently validated genus within the . The genus is merged into , and thus its generic type is combined with and is reaccepted as a member of .

Recovery Processes of Organic Acids from Fermentation Broths in the Biomass-Based Industry.

The new movement towards green chemistry and renewable feedstocks makes microbial production of chemicals more competitive. Among the numerous chemicals, organic acids are more attractive targets for process development efforts in the renewable-based biorefinery industry. However, most of the production costs in microbial processes are higher than that in chemical processes, among which over 60% are generated by separation processes.

N-[(E)-2-Chloro-benzyl-idene]-3-(4-methyl-benzyl-sulfan-yl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phen-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine.

In the title compound, C(26)H(25)ClN(4)O(3)S, the acyclic imine group exhibits an E configuration. The triazole ring is oriented at dihedral angles of 53.84 (2), 70.

(E)-3-Allyl-sulfanyl-N-(4-methoxy-benzyl-idene)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phen-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine.

The title compound, C(22)H(24)N(4)O(4)S, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. A weak intra-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bond is observed between the N atom of the C=N double bond and its neighboring phenyl H atom. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

Bis(3-hydroxy-phenyl-acetato-κO,O')bis-(1H-imidazole-κN)nickel(II).

In the title mononuclear complex, [Ni(C(8)H(7)O(3))(2)(C(3)H(4)N(2))(2)], the Ni(II) atom, lying on a twofold rotation axis, is coordinated by four carboxyl-ate O atoms from two bidentate 3-hydroxy-phenylacetato ligands and two N atoms from two imidazole mol-ecules in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. A three-dimensional network is formed via inter-molecular O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking inter-actions between the imidazole and benzene rings of neighboring mol-ecules [centroid-centroid distance = 3.856 (2) Å].

Poly[[di-μ(3)-nicotinato-hemi-μ(4)-oxalato-hemi-μ(2)-oxalato-neodymium(III)silver(I)] dihydrate].

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, {[AgNd(C(6)H(4)NO(2))(2)(C(2)O(4))]·2H(2)O}(n), contains one Nd(III) atom, one Ag(I) atom, one oxalate ligand, two nicotinate ligands and two uncoordinated water mol-ecules. The Nd(III) atom is eight-coordinated in a distorted square-anti-prismatic coordination geometry by four O atoms from two oxalate ligands and four O atoms from four nicotinate ligands. The Ag(I) atom has a T-shaped configuration, defined by two N atoms from two nicotinate ligands and one O atom from one oxalate ligand.

Bis(pyridine-3-carboxylic acid-κN)silver(I) perchlorate.

In the title compound, [Ag(C(6)H(5)NO(2))(2)]ClO(4), the Ag(I) atom shows an almost linear coordination geometry, defined by two N atoms from two pyridine-3-carboxylic acid ligands. The complex cations are linked by hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl groups into a chain. The chains are further connected through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and a weak Ag⋯O inter-action [2.

(Z)-Methyl 4-(1,3-benzothia-zol-2-yl-sulfan-yl)-2-(methoxy-imino)-3-oxo-butanoate.

In the mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C(13)H(12)N(2)O(4)S(2), there is a dihedral angle of 0.41 (13)° between the benzene and thia-zole rings. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by two C-H⋯O inter-actions together with π-π stacking between the parallel benzene rings of adjacent mol-ecules [centroid-centroid distance = 3.

Synthesis and antifungal activities of 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-sulfonyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-sulfonyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives.

Starting from the key intermediate 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (4) or the oxadiazole analogue (5), the title compounds 9 and 10 are synthesized by a two-step process. Thioetherification reaction of 4 or 5 with an organic halide catalyzed by indium or indium tribromide first affords appropriate sulfide 7 or 8, which is then converted into title compounds 9 or 10 by hydrogen peroxide oxidation catalyzed by ammonium molybdate in ionic liquid [bmim]PF6. The structures are unequivocally confirmed by spectroscopic (IR, 1H and 13C NMR) data and elemental analyses.