SIRT5 safeguards against primate skeletal muscle ageing via desuccinylation of TBK1.

Ageing-induced skeletal muscle deterioration contributes to sarcopenia and frailty, adversely impacting the quality of life in the elderly. However, the molecular mechanisms behind primate skeletal muscle ageing remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that SIRT5 expression is reduced in aged primate skeletal muscles from both genders.

Mechanism of arsenic regulation of mitochondrial damage and autophagy induced synaptic damage through SIRT1 and protective effect of melatonin.

Arsenic (As), a widespread environmental pollutant, can induce severe neurological damage worldwide; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects against various neurological diseases by resisting mitochondrial damage and autophagy through deacetylation. In this study, we established a model of HT22 cells exposed to NaAsO and examined the levels of mitochondrial, autophagy, and synaptic damage in HT22 cells and HT22 cells with high expression of SIRT1 (pre-treated with the agonist SRT1720) 24 h after exposure.

Causal Associations Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Common Comorbidities: Evidence from Comprehensive Genetic Methods.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Observational studies have shown correlations between common extrapulmonary comorbidities and COPD, but the existence of correlations does not necessarily prove a causal association. Therefore, causal relationships between diseases need to be explored by means of causal inference methods.

[Acupuncture regulates dynamic flux of Ca, Na, and HO in skeletal muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise in rats].

This study aimed to investigate the effects of acupuncture on dynamic changes in Ca, Na, and HO flux following eccentric exercise-induced muscle injury. The total of 324 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group (C), eccentric exercise group (E), eccentric exercise with acupuncture group (EA), EA with TRP channel blocker group (EAT), EA with NOX2 blocker group (EAN) and EA with placebo group (EAP). Gastrocnemius muscles were subject to lengthening contractions with percutaneous electrical stimulation, followed by immediate pretreatment with blocking agents.

In Situ Biomimetic Glycocalyx Layer Protects Endothelial Damage in Xenotransplantation.

Xenotransplantation offers a transformative solution to the global organ shortage crisis. However, the survival of xenografts remains limited despite various proposed strategies. In this study, we present an endothelial cell protection strategy that extends graft survival through the construction of biomimetic glycan-enriched nanofibers.

The impact of core training combined with breathing exercises on individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Background: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is a common condition, defined as pain lasting more than 3 months between the lower thoracic margin and gluteal folds, without identifiable tissue damage. Despite its low disability rate, the complex etiology and high recurrence impose significant health and socioeconomic burdens. According to European LBP guidelines, exercise therapy is the preferred treatment for CNLBP.

Boron-Doped Graphene as Anion-Trapping Reagent in Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Solid-State Electrolyte.

Although many protocols have been developed to enhance the ionic conductivity and lithium-ion transference numbers of the solid polymer electrolyte, it is still challenging to improve them simultaneously. Herein, we design and prepare boron-doped graphene (BG) as an anion trapper and blend it within a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolyte. The well-dispersed BG sheets can reduce the crystallinity of PEO and afford numerous Lewis acid sites to effectively accelerate the dissociation of the lithium salt and trap the anions.

Unveiling brain response mechanisms of citrus flavor perception: An EEG-based study on sensory and cognitive responses.

Citrus flavors are globally popular in food industry, yet research on the perceptual preferences of various citrus flavors is limited. Based on the subjective sensory evaluation, this study introduces a novel sensory analysis approach, using electroencephalography (EEG), to objectively measure the sensory and cognitive responses to nine citrus flavors, including d-limonene, concentrated (H-) and original essential oils of sweet orange (SEO), bergamot EO (BEO), lemon EO (LEO), and grapefruit EO (GEO). Results revealed that δ (0.

Red teaming ChatGPT in medicine to yield real-world insights on model behavior.

Red teaming, the practice of adversarially exposing unexpected or undesired model behaviors, is critical towards improving equity and accuracy of large language models, but non-model creator-affiliated red teaming is scant in healthcare. We convened teams of clinicians, medical and engineering students, and technical professionals (80 participants total) to stress-test models with real-world clinical cases and categorize inappropriate responses along axes of safety, privacy, hallucinations/accuracy, and bias. Six medically-trained reviewers re-analyzed prompt-response pairs and added qualitative annotations.

Ultrafast Spin Rotation of Relativistic Lepton Beams via Terahertz Wave in a Dielectric-Lined Waveguide.

Spin rotation is central for the spin manipulation of lepton beams which, in turn, plays an important role in investigation of the properties of spin-polarized lepton beams and the examination of spin-dependent interactions. However, realization of compact and ultrafast spin rotation of lepton beams, between longitudinal and transverse polarizations, still faces significant challenges. Here, we put forward a novel method for ultrafast (picosecond timescale) spin rotation of a relativistic lepton beam via employing a moderate-intensity terahertz (THz) wave in a dielectric-lined waveguide (DLW).

Targeting the SP/KLF Transcriptional Regulatory Network Synergizes with HDAC Inhibition to Impede Progression of H3K27M Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are lethal pediatric brain tumors that frequently harbor H3K27M mutations and lack effective treatments. Here, our epigenomic analyses uncovered an enrichment of SP/KLF transcription factors in open chromatin regions specifically in H3K27M-mutated DIPG cells compared to normal pontine neural progenitor cells. SP1 depletion or inhibition of SP/KLF DNA binding with EC-8042, an optimized mithramycin analog, significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasiveness of H3K27M-DIPG cells.

The Effect of 17β-Estradiol Plus Norethisterone Acetate on Estradiol, Testosterone, IGF-1 and SHBG in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

We conducted this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with the aim of assessing the effect of 17β-estradiol plus norethisterone acetate on estradiol, testosterone, IGF-1, and SHBG in postmenopausal women. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of RCTs to assess these effects. Databases including the Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched to identify publications up to July 2024.

Experiment and analysis on the heterogeneity of CO2 adsorption-transport by microrocks in coal matrix.

In order to study gas adsorption performance effected by micro-rock in coal matrix, dual energy X-ray CT was used to calculate the density change of coal core before and after gas injection, which can obtain the CO2 concentration (adsorption amount) in coal core, and reveal the uneven characteristics of CO2 adsorption by minerals. The research results show that coal core in the region where minerals exist has a higher density, while the density of the coal matrix is smaller. Regions with higher coal density (more minerals) have weaker adsorption capacity for CO2.

Dual activation of GCGR/GLP1R signaling ameliorates intestinal fibrosis metabolic regulation of histone H3K9 lactylation in epithelial cells.

Intestinal fibrosis is a significant clinical challenge in inflammatory bowel diseases, but no effective anti-fibrotic therapy is currently available. Glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) are both peptide hormone receptors involved in energy metabolism of epithelial cells. However, their role in intestinal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored.

Association between renal function and memory-related disease: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Background: Previous studies have reported that renal function is associated brain structure and cognitive dysfunction. However, the association between renal function and memory-related disease was not well characterized.

Methods: Altogether, 5,282 individuals were included in this study based on China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement.

Tensor-Representation-Based Multiview Attributed Graph Clustering With Smooth Structure.

Over the past few years, multiview attributed graph clustering has achieved promising performance via various data augmentation strategies. However, we observe that the aggregation of node information in multilayer graph autoencoder (GAE) is prone to deviation, especially when edges or node attributes are randomly perturbed. To this end, we innovatively propose a tensor-representation-based multiview attributed graph clustering framework with smooth structure (MV_AGC) to avoid the bias caused by random view construction.

Visible-Light-Driven Synergistic Se/Fe Catalysis for the Synthesis of 2-Aminoquinoline Derivatives.

A visible-light-driven Se/Fe synergistic catalytic reaction between isocyanides and amines has been developed, employing air as the terminal oxidant. This efficient strategy offers facile access to 2-aminoquinoline scaffolds. The use of cost-effective and readily available Fe(OTf) modulates the selenium catalyst's oxidation state, enhancing the method's environmental friendliness and practicality.

Self-Oxygenating PROTAC Microneedle for Spatiotemporally-Confined Protein Degradation and Enhanced Glioblastoma Therapy.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive subtype of primary brain tumors, which marginally respond to standard chemotherapy due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the low tumor specificity of the therapeutics. Herein, a double-layered microneedle (MN) patch is rationally engineered by integrating acid and light dual-activatable PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) nanoparticles and self-oxygenating BSA-MnO (BM) nanoparticles for GBM treatment. The MN is administrated at the tumor site to locally deliver the PROTAC prodrug and BM nanoparticles.

Genetic variation in targets of antihyperglycemic drugs and inflammatory bowel disease' risk: A mendelian randomization study.

Aim: Antihyperglycemic drugs have potential therapeutic benefits for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to investigate the association between genetic variations in gene-targeted antihyperglycemic drugs and the risk of IBD.

Methods: Summary statistics for HbA1c data were from the UK Biobank including 344,182 participants.

Electronic Structure Tunable Metallosupramolecular Polymers as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn-Air Battery.

Metallosupramolecular polymers (MSPs) have shown great potential in the area of oxygen electrocatalysis due to their tunable electronic structure, and predictable coordination environment. Further exploration of structure-performance relationships of oxygen electrocatalysts is crucial for designing highly efficient catalysts. Herein, a strategy is proposed to prepare MSP-based bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with different oxygen electrocatalytic preferences (Co-AQ and Co-AN) by adjusting the electronic structure of organic linkers.

A Cretaceous sap beetle with specialized mandibles (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae).

Sap beetles (Nitidulidae) are species-rich, highly diverse, widely distributed and exhibit varied food habits. However, studies on nitidulids in Kachin amber are scarce, particularly those involving nitidulids with specialized mandibles. Here, we report a new genus and species of Nitidulidae, gen.

Research on the SEGDC-UNet electron microscope image segmentation algorithm based on channel attention mechanism.

In this paper, we propose SEGDC-UNet, a segmentation algorithm for electron microscope (EM) images based on the channel attention mechanism. This algorithm integrates the channel attention mechanism and the GELU activation function into the DC-UNet network. By leveraging global information to selectively enhance primary features and suppress less relevant ones, the channel attention mechanism improves focus on important image channels and characteristics.

The Antimicrobial Peptide Pipeline: A Bacteria-Centric AMP Predictor.

Introduction: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), unlike antibiotics, are encoded in genomes. AMPs are exported from the cell after expression and translation. In the case of bacteria, the exported peptides target other microbes to give the producing bacterium a competitive edge.

Gem-TIP as a salvage therapy for pediatric extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors: insights from a retrospective case series.

Objective: This retrospective case series aimed to provide initial insights into the potential effectsof Gemcitabine (Gem), Nab-paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin (Gem-TIP) combination therapy in children with relapsed/progressive extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors (eMRTs).

Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated with Gem-TIP following relapse/progression was conducted. Radiologic responses were assessed using RECIST 1.