Biomarkers of Synaptic Degeneration in Alzheimer's Disease.

Synapse has been considered a critical neuronal structure in the procession of Alzheimer's disease (AD), attacked by two pathological molecule aggregates (amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau) in the brain, disturbing synaptic homeostasis before disease manifestation and subsequently causing synaptic degeneration. Recently, evidence has emerged indicating that soluble oligomeric amyloid-β (AβO) and tau exert direct toxicity on synapses, causing synaptic damage. Synaptic degeneration is closely linked to cognitive decline in AD, even in the asymptomatic stages of AD.

Endoscopic assessment of gastric emptying in older adults after preoperative administration of 5% glucose solution: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Delayed gastric emptying of liquids may heighten the risk of aspiration reflux in elderly individuals. To investigate the gastric emptying of an oral supplement containing 5% dextrose solutions before sedation for gastroscopy.

Patients And Methods: A total of 100 elderly patients who were scheduled for elective gastroscopy were randomly assigned to two groups: the NPO(nil per os ) group and the dextrose solution ingestion group, which ingested a 5% dextrose solution (5 ml/kg) two hours before the procedure.

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus.

The relationship between air pollution and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains inconclusive. Here, we investigated the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and incident SLE, based on a cohort of 502,004 participants free of SLE at baseline from UK Biobank. During a median of 13.

Regulation of TS-1 Zeolite with Small Particle Size by Colloidal Silicon Seed-Induced Synthesis and Application in Oxidative Desulfurization.

The dosages of colloidal silicon seeds in the seed-induced synthesis of TS-1 zeolites were investigated in detail. The characterization results revealed that the colloidal silicon seeds not only reduced the particle sizes but also promoted the incorporation of titanium atoms into the framework of TS-1 zeolites as prepared. SEM images and particle size distribution (PSD) confirmed that the particle sizes of TS-1 zeolite could be effectively reduced to about 150 nm.

Transgenerational Plasticity Enhances the Tolerance of Duckweed () to Stress from Exudates of .

Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) refers to the influence of ancestral environmental signals on offspring's traits across generations. While evidence of TGP in plants is growing, its role in plant adaptation over successive generations remains unclear, particularly in floating plants facing fluctuating environments. Duckweed (), a common ecological remediation material, often coexists with the harmful bloom-forming cyanobacterium , which releases a highly toxic exudate mixture (MaE) during its growth.

Serum neurofilament light chain as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in multiple system atrophy: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Neurofilament light chain (NFL) in blood has been identified as a valuable biomarker in multiple system atrophy (MSA), but data regarding its utility in the early diagnosis and prognosis of MSA remain limited.

Objective: To investigate serum NFL's diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with MSA in a prospective clinical cohort.

Methods: Two hundred twenty-eight participants were enrolled, including ninety-eight with MSA, seventeen with uncertain MSA at inclusion, fifty-nine with Parkinson's disease (PD), and fifty-four healthy controls (HCs).

Experimental demonstration of a photonic reservoir computing system based on Fabry Perot laser for multiple tasks processing.

Photonic reservoir computing (RC) is a simple and efficient neuromorphic computing framework for human cortical circuits, which is featured with fast training speed and low training cost. Photonic time delay RC, as a simple hardware implementation method of RC, has attracted widespread attention. In this paper, we present and experimentally demonstrate a time delay RC system based on a Fabry Perot (FP) laser for multiple tasks processing.

Investigating Angiogenesis-Related Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis Patients Through Transcriptomic Profiling.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common age-related joint disease characterized by joint destruction and impaired quality of life. Angiogenesis plays a vital role in OA progression. This study aimed to identify key angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs) in OA using transcriptomic and machine learning methods.

Plasma circulating cell-free DNA integrity and relative telomere length as diagnostic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy: a cross-sectional study.

In clinical specialties focusing on neurological disorders, there is a need for comprehensive and integrated non-invasive, sensitive, and specific testing methods. Both Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy are classified as α-synucleinopathies, characterized by abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein protein, which provides a shared pathological background for their comparative study. In addition, both Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy involve neuronal death, a process that may release circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) into the bloodstream, leading to specific alterations.

Image-Guided Liver Biopsy: Perspectives from Interventional Radiology.

Liver biopsy is a crucial aspect of interventional radiology and plays a significant role in the management of hepatobiliary diseases. Radiologists commonly perform two major image-guided liver biopsy techniques: percutaneous and transjugular approaches. It is essential for radiologists to understand the role of liver biopsy in diagnosing and treating hepatobiliary conditions, the procedural details involved, and how to manage potential complications.

Digital microfluidics with integrated Raman sensor for high-sensitivity in-situ bioanalysis.

This study introduces an advanced bioanalytical platform that combines digital microfluidics (DMF) with Raman spectroscopy, effectively addressing common issues in bioanalysis such as sample contamination, excessive consumption of samples and reagents, and manual handling. Our innovative system is engineered to handle diverse sample types and enables both sample preparation and in-situ analysis on a single device, utilizing less than 5 μL of samples and reagents. It incorporates a Translucent Raman Enhancement Stack (TRES) sensor, which boosts the detection signal, and includes droplet-driving functionality for automated processing of complex samples in a compact setting.

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor influences periarticular joint inflammation in -infected mice.

Lyme disease, caused by , is the most common tick-borne infection in the United States. Arthritis is a major clinical manifestation of infection, and synovial tissue damage has been attributed to the excessive pro-inflammatory responses. The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) promotes tissue repair and exerts anti-inflammatory effects.

Revealing the contribution of mountain ecosystem services research to sustainable development goals: A systematic and grounded theory driven review.

Ecosystem services are the bridge between people and nature, especially for mountains, which cover more than two thirds of the world's territory, and are able to provide a diversity of ecosystem services and are significant for the enhancement of human well-being. Understanding how mountain ecosystem services (MES) support The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is critical to realizing effective benefits from mountain resources, yet the extent to which MES support the SDGs is currently unclear and needs to be further explored. This study systematically reviewed the current research works by using grounded theory.

Magnolol acts as a neurorestorative agent in an A‑induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Magnolol may have the potential to alleviate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was conducted to investigate the broader mechanism of action of magnolol in AD pathogenesis. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=6 mice/group): i) Control; ii) AD model; iii) 5 mg/kg magnolol + AD model; iv) 10 mg/kg magnolol + AD model; and v) 20 mg/kg magnolol + AD model.

Association between dental diseases and stroke.

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the existing evidence on the association between dental diseases and stroke. Various pathogenic mechanisms, including bacteraemia and systemic inflammation, were investigated to explore their impact on stroke occurrence and severity.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted through the online databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae induces local secretion of IL-10 at the human cervix to promote colonization.

Gonorrhea, caused by the human-restricted pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a commonly reported sexually transmitted infection. Since most infections in women are asymptomatic, the true number of infections is likely much higher than reported. How gonococci (GC) colonize women's cervixes without triggering symptoms remains elusive.

Impact of Baduanjin Qigong Exercise on Fatigue in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Patients report fatigue as the most distressing symptom associated with cancer and treatment. Baduanjin has beneficial effects on reducing fatigue. However, no relevant randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of Baduanjin exercise with routine exercise in patients with lung cancer and fatigue have been reported.

Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain.

Acknowledging the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting, this study examined the effects of an acute exercise break during prolonged sitting on executive function, cortical hemodynamics, and microvascular status. In this randomized crossover study, 71 college students completed three conditions: (i) uninterrupted sitting (SIT); (ii) SIT with a 15 min moderate-intensity cycling break (MIC); and (iii) SIT with a 15 min vigorous-intensity cycling break (VIC). Behavioral outcomes, retinal vessel diameters (central retinal artery equivalents [CRAE], retinal vein equivalents [CRVE], arteriovenous ratio [AVR]), cortical activation, and effective connectivity were evaluated.

Upregulation of CD244 promotes CD8 T cell exhaustion in patients with alveolar echinococcosis and a murine model.

Background: In patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE), CD8 T cells undergo functional exhaustion, which accelerates the malignant progression of AE. However, the role of inhibitory receptor CD244 in mediating CD8 T cell exhaustion remains elusive.

Methods: CD244 expression on exhausted CD8 T cells in the close liver tissue (CLT) of AE patients was analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Analysis of factors affecting subjective cognitive decline in elderly hypertensive patients and the construction of a risk prediction model.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is more prevalent in the elderly Chinese population, and individuals with hypertension are at greater risk for cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors affecting SCD in elderly hypertensive patients and to develop a risk prediction model. This was a cross-sectional study of 1098 elderly hypertensive patients in a tertiary care hospital.