Water quality criteria and ecological risk assessment for copper in Liaodong Bay, China.

The establishment of water quality criteria (WQC) for copper (Cu) was used as the basis for an ecological risk assessment of marine Cu pollution in Liaodong Bay, China. Published ecotoxicity data for Cu were obtained and supplemented with the results of acute Cu toxicity tests. The marine WQC for Cu in Liaodong Bay was developed using a species sensitivity distribution method with a safety factor of 2.

Epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of hand, foot, and mouth disease reinfection in Wuxi, China, 2008-2016.

Background: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral disease caused by human enteroviruses. Although HFMD reinfection is common, studies investigating this phenomenon are insufficient.

Methods: The present study focused on HFMD reinfection in Wuxi from 2008 to 2016 using surveillance system data.

Avian Influenza A Virus Infection among Workers at Live Poultry Markets, China, 2013-2016.

We conducted a 3-year longitudinal serologic survey on an open cohort of poultry workers, swine workers, and general population controls to assess avian influenza A virus (AIV) seroprevalence and seroincidence and virologic diversity at live poultry markets (LPMs) in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China. Of 964 poultry workers, 9 (0.93%) were seropositive for subtype H7N9 virus, 18 (1.

Prospective surveillance for influenza. virus in Chinese swine farms.

Pork production in China is rapidly increasing and swine production operations are expanding in size and number. However, the biosecurity measures necessary to prevent swine disease transmission, particularly influenza. viruses (IAV) that can be zoonotic, are often inadequate.

[Study on risk assessing indicator system after schistosomiasis transmission interruption in Wuxi City].

Objective: To establish a risk assessing indicator system after the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Wuxi City, so as to provide evidences for formulating strategies on schistosomiasis control and prevention.

Methods: A primary risk assessing indicator system was established based on the literature review. Alternative indicators were scored and screened to establish a final indicator system through two rounds of Delphy method and the related normalized weights and combined weights were also calculated.

Evidence for Cross-species Influenza A Virus Transmission Within Swine Farms, China: A One Health, Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Our understanding of influenza A virus transmission between humans and pigs is limited.

Methods: Beginning in 2015, we used a One Health approach and serial sampling to prospectively study 299 swine workers and 100 controls, their 9000 pigs, and 6 pig farm environments in China for influenza A viruses (IAVs) using molecular, culture, and immunological techniques. Study participants were closely monitored for influenza-like illness (ILI) events.

Novel H7N2 and H5N6 Avian Influenza A Viruses in Sentinel Chickens: A Sentinel Chicken Surveillance Study.

In 2014, a sentinel chicken surveillance for avian influenza viruses was conducted in aquatic bird habitat near Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China. Two H7N2, one H5N6, and two H9N2 viruses were isolated. Sequence analysis revealed that the H7N2 virus is a novel reassortant of H7N9 and H9N2 viruses and H5N6 virus is a reassortant of H5N1 clade 2.

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus Infection in A Survivor Who Has Recovered from Severe H7N9 Virus Infection, China.

We firstly report a patient who presented with severe complications after infection with influenza A(H1N1) pdm2009, more than 1 year after recovery from severe H7N9 virus infections. The population of patients who recovered from severe H7N9 infections might be at a higher risk to suffer severe complications after seasonal influenza infections, and they should be included in the high-risk populations recommended to receive seasonal influenza vaccination.

[Survey on infection among key populations in Wuxi City].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of infection among key populations in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide evidences for developing preventive and control interventions for infection.

Methods: A questionnaire was designed to conduct face-to-face interviews to HIV/AIDS carriers/patients, tumor patients, pregnant women and pet breeders. The blood samples were collected to test anti- IgM and IgG antibodies by using ELISA method.

An acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by GII.17 norovirus in Jiangsu Province, China.

Noroviruses are a common cause of acute gastroenteritis around the world; however, reports of outbreaks caused by GII.17 norovirus are rare. An outbreak caused by GII.

Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian H5 Influenza A Viruses in Live Poultry Markets, Wuxi City, China, 2013-2014.

During 12 recent months of periodic influenza virus surveillance at 9 live poultry markets in Wuxi City China, we identified multiple highly pathogenic H5N6, H5N8, H5N2, and H5N1 avian influenza viruses. The variety of potentially pandemic viruses in this low-risk area is disconcerting and portends an increased pandemic threat.

Characterization of a novel reassortant influenza A virus (H2N2) from a domestic duck in Eastern China.

While H2N2 viruses have been sporadically isolated from wild and domestic birds, H2N2 viruses have not been detected among human populations since 1968. Should H2N2 viruses adapt to domestic poultry they may pose a risk of infection to people, as most anyone born after 1968 would likely be susceptible to their infection. We report the isolation of a novel influenza A virus (H2N2) cultured in 2013 from a healthy domestic duck at a live poultry market in Wuxi City, China.

Comparison of commercial influenza A virus assays in detecting avian influenza H7N9 among poultry cloacal swabs, China.

Background: Avian H7N9 virus emerged in China in February 2013 and has since spread widely among China's poultry, causing numerous human infections.

Objectives: To compare World Health Organization (WHO) and US commercial influenza assays in detecting avian H7N9 virus in poultry cloacal specimens.

Study Design: Between April 6 and July 15, 2013, 261 cloacal swabs were collected from commercial poultry in Nanjing and Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China.

Probable person to person transmission of novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Eastern China, 2013: epidemiological investigation.

Objective: To determine whether the novel avian influenza H7N9 virus can transmit from person to person and its efficiency.

Design: Epidemiological investigations conducted after a family cluster of two patients with avian H7N9 in March 2013.

Setting: Wuxi, Eastern China.

[A survey of levels of antibodies against influenza viruses in the population of Wuxi City].

Objective: To investigate levels of antibodies against type A and type C influenza viruses and those against the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus (before and after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic) among residents in Wuxi. To compare levels of antibodies against the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus (one year after the pandemic) in the unvaccinated population with those in the population who received vaccine.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from subjects (aged 1-60 years) during September 2008 to May 2009, and during September 2010 to January 2011.

Attempted early detection of influenza A (H1N1) pandemic with surveillance data of influenza-like illness and unexplained pneumonia.

Background: To collect disease information and provide data for early detection of epidemics, two surveillance systems were established for influenza-like illness (ILI) and unexplained pneumonia (UP) in Wuxi, People's Republic of China.

Objectives: The current study aims to describe the performance of these surveillance systems during 2004-2009 and to evaluate the value of surveillance data in detection of influenza epidemics.

Methods: Two national ILI sentinel hospitals and three UP sentinel hospitals provided data to the surveillance systems.

[Study on the prevalence rate and immunity of hepatitis B virus infection among urban adults aged over 20 years in Wuxi, Jiangsu province].

Objective: To study the relationship on the prevalence rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatitis B vaccination in urban citizens aged over 20 years old which would led to the development of strategies on HBV control.

Methods: A total of 3744 subjects from general population were randomly selected in this study. Both ELISA and radio immunoassay were used to test five items of HBV infection, including HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc.