Evidence on trends in uptake of childhood vaccines and association with COVID-19 vaccination rates.

Importance: Childhood vaccination rates have declined in recent years; there is also concern that resistance to COVID-19 vaccines could spill over to childhood vaccines.

Objectives: To use local-level data to study trends in childhood vaccination rates and heterogeneity in local rates; including how many areas are below herd-immunity thresholds, and assess the association between COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and childhood vaccination.

Design: We report, for 11 states with available data, vaccination rates for measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines, including percentage of schools/counties with rates ≥95 %, 90-95 %, 80-90 %, and < 80 %.

Lower obstetrician and gynecologist (OBGYN) supply in abortion-ban states, despite minimal state-level changes in the 2 years post-.

Since the Supreme Court decision in June 2022, emerging reports suggest that the obstetrician and gynecologist (OBGYN) workforce is moving into states without abortion bans. Using a large national administrative database, we identified OBGYNs enrolling in new states from July 2017 through June 2024. We used difference-in-differences (DID) analyses to estimate the effect of on enrollments by state abortion policy (ban vs no ban).

The token undermining effect: When and why adding a small reward to a dated outcome makes it less preferred.

The mere token strategy, which adds a small reward (token) to an option to increase attractiveness, is widely used in the consumer field. However, we conducted six studies that seek to confirm the 'token undermining effect', where adding a small token to a sooner and smaller reward (SS) paired with a later and larger reward (LL) decreases the preference for the SS. The results showed that the effect persists across various choice sets, participant populations, reward amounts, delays, outcome properties and regardless of whether the scenarios are incentivized.

Delayed immune-related adverse events profile associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a real-world analysis.

Background: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) typically occur within 3 months of initiating immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which has been extensively documented. But the clinical profiles of late-onset irAEs remain inadequately characterized. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the correlation between delayed irAEs and ICIs, and to delineate the profiles of delayed toxicities associated with ICIs using data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Dual-responsive nanoparticles for enhanced drug delivery in breast Cancer chemotherapy.

Drug delivery efficiency often affects chemotherapy outcome due to dense collagen barrier in tumor environment. Here, we report a nanoparticle capable of pH and glutathione dual-responsive drug delivery to enhance the efficacy of breast cancer chemotherapy. Maleiminated polyethylene glycol and polylactide block copolymer were synthesized as a core material, doxorubicin was encapsulated into the nanoparticle by self-assembly.

The Association of Hospital-Cardiologist Integration With Patient Outcomes, Care Quality, and Utilization.

Background: Cardiologists are increasingly moving from independent practice to direct employment by hospitals. Hospital employment has the potential to improve care coordination and delivery, but little is known about its effect on care quality and outcomes.

Objectives: In this study, we sought to assess the association between hospital employment of cardiologists and patient outcomes, care quality, and utilization among patients hospitalized with incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or heart failure (HF).

A rapid method for assessing seed drought resistance using integrated ID-BOA-SVM.

This study investigates the application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for assessing drought resistance in seeds, aiming to offer a rapid and efficient method suitable for large-scale primary screening. NIR spectroscopy is utilized to analyze four key factors (water, sugars, amino acids content, and genes) associated with maize seed drought responses. Signature NIR bands indicative of drought resistance-related molecules are identified using the Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) technique.

Analyte-induced hindrance in the RCA-assisted CRISPR/Cas12a system for homogeneous protein assays.

Heterogeneous assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, have become indispensable for in vitro diagnostics. However, the simple, sensitive, and accurate detection is limited by their multiple washing and incubation steps, and limited amplification methods. In this study, we design a novel approach utilizing analyte-induced hindrance within the rolling circle amplification (RCA)-assisted CRISPR/Cas12a system for simple and highly sensitive homogenous protein detection.

Perceptions of homelessness: Is there variation across medical careers and specialties?

Introduction: Medical students, residents and faculty are all capable of holding biases towards stigmatised groups like people experiencing homelessness. This study sought to investigate how the level of training may influence perceptions of homelessness among medical students, residents and faculty. Additionally, we sought to understand how different specialities perceive people experiencing homelessness and whether this changes at various points in a career.

The Effect of FTY720 on Sphingolipid Imbalance and Cognitive Decline in Aged EFAD Mice.

Background: During Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, there is a decline in the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Previous research showed that FTY720, an S1P mimetic, prevented cognitive decline and reduced ceramide levels in transgenic mice with familial AD carrying the human APOE4 gene (E4FAD) at 6-7 months of age.

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the protective effects of FTY720 at late-stage AD.

HS improves hippocampal synaptic plasticity in SPS rats via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe mental illness that could impose heavy burdens on individuals and society, but effective and precise treatment modalities are unknown. The level of hydrogen sulfide (HS) in the brain plays an important role in psychiatric diseases. However, it is still unclear whether PTSD exposure could affect the level of HS and whether there is a correlation between HS levels and the pathogenesis of PTSD.

Obstetrician-Gynecologists' Telehealth Provision at the Beginning, During, and Latter Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

: This study aims to determine how obstetrician-gynecologists provided telehealth from January 2020 to December 2022 in the United States, using de-identified commercial insurance data from FAIR Health. It also explores the trends in telehealth provision by physicians' age, gender, and by state policies on telehealth payment parity. : Aggregated, de-identified data derived from medical claims containing 450,588 physician-quarter observations during 2020 to 2022 were analyzed using descriptive methods to examine the total number of telehealth services to pregnant individuals provided, the number of obstetrician-gynecologists that provided telehealth, and the mean number of telehealth services provided per quarter.

Urchin-like NiCo-based bimetallic hydroxide decorated with DOPO as highly hydrophobic flame retardant for remarkably reducing fire hazard of poly (L-lactic acid).

Designing high-performance flame retardants for poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) materials and exploring a simple and scalable strategy have been hot topics in research. In this work, a novel and highly efficient flame retardant, that is, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) decorated urchin-like NiCo-based bimetallic hydroxide (NiCo-BH@DOPO), was synthesized and incorporated into PLA to prepare PLA and NiCo-BH@DOPO (PLA/NiCo-BH@DOPO) composite. Benefiting from the DOPO organic modification, NiCo-BH@DOPO had superb hydrophobicity and presented excellent dispersion in the PLA matrix.

Knowledge and Practices of Helicobacter pylori Infection Management Among Physicians in Gansu Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Physicians' knowledge and practices regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection can impact the effectiveness of eradication therapy. This study aimed to investigate the current state of knowledge and practices concerning H.

A Few Doctors Will See Some of You: The Critical Role of Underrepresented in Medicine (URiM) Family Physicians in the Care of Medicaid Beneficiaries.

Purpose: Despite being key to better health outcomes for patients from racial and ethnic minority groups, the proportion of underrepresented in medicine (URiM) physicians remains low in the US health care system. This study linked a nationally representative sample of family physicians (FPs) with Medicaid claims data to explore the relative contributions to care of Medicaid populations by FP race and ethnicity.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study used 2016 Medicaid claims data from the Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System and from 2016-2017 American Board of Family Medicine certification questionnaire responses to examine the diversity and Medicaid participation of FPs.

Polydopamine-Cloaked Nanoarchitectonics of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles Promote Functional Recovery in Neonatal and Adult Ischemic Stroke Models.

Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory response contribute to secondary damage following ischemic insult. Nanozymes with robust anti-oxidative stress properties possess therapeutic possibility for ischemic insult.

Inhibitory mechanism of 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene produced by Streptomyces albidoflavus strain ML27 against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

Actinomycetes have emerged as significant biocontrol resources due to their rich array of bioactive natural products. While much research has historically focused on secondary metabolites isolated from their fermentation broth, there remains a dearth of reports on their volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, strain ML27, isolated from soil, was identified as Streptomyces albidoflavus based on morphological features, physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics (16S rRNA, atpD, recA, and rpoB gene sequences).

Spatial regulation of NMN supplementation on brain lipid metabolism upon subacute and sub-chronic PM exposure in C57BL/6 mice.

Background: Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) exposure-induced neuroinflammation is critical in mediating nervous system impairment. However, effective intervention is yet to be developed.

Results: In this study, we examine the effect of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation on nervous system damage upon PM exposure and the mechanism of spatial regulation of lipid metabolism.

Exploring the underlying mechanisms of Danshen-Shanzha Decoction on coronary heart disease: An integrated analysis combining pharmacoinformatics and experimental validation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Danshen-Shanzha Decoction (DSD) is a renowned herbal combination consisting of the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (known as Danshen in Chinese) and the fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (known as Shanzha in Chinese), which has exhibited remarkable clinical efficacy in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) in traditional Chinese medicine, with its earliest recorded application dating to around 202 BCE during the Han Dynasty. Despite significant advancements in the fundamental research and clinical applications of DSD over the past few decades, the precise bioactive components as well as the underlying mechanisms responsible for its protective effect on CHD remain unelucidated.

Aim Of The Study: The present study was designed to elucidate the bioactive components and potential mechanism of DSD in the treatment of CHD using in silico technologies integrated with pharmacoinformatic methods and experimental validation.