Ninety percent circular polarization detected in a repeating fast radio burst.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are extra-galactic sources with unknown physical mechanisms. They emit millisecond-duration radio pulses with isotropic equivalent energy of [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] ergs. This corresponds to a brightness temperature of FRB emission typically reaching the level of [Formula: see text] K, but can be as high as above [Formula: see text] K for sub-microsecond timescale structures, suggesting the presence of underlying coherent relativistic radiation mechanisms.

Circadian Control of Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via HSD17B13-Mediated Autophagy in Hepatocytes.

Background & Aims: Studies have illustrated the role of circadian rhythm in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI), but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Bmal1 is the most important gene that plays significant roles in the circadian control of liver physiology and disease, however, its role in HIRI has not been investigated. Here, we aimed to explore the potential contribution of BMAL1 to HIRI.

TcEVdb: a database for T-cell-derived small extracellular vesicles from single-cell transcriptomes.

T-Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TcEVs) play key roles in immune regulation and tumor microenvironment modulation. However, the heterogeneity of TcEV remains poorly understood due to technical limitations of EV analysis and the lack of comprehensive data. To address this, we constructed TcEVdb, a comprehensive database that explores the expression and cluster of TcEV by the SEVtras method from T-cell single-cell RNA sequencing data.

High risk of falling in elderly with hallux valgus evaluated by muscle and kinematic synergistic analysis.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders often present with abnormalities in neuromuscular control. Hallux valgus (HV) is considered a risk factor for falls in the elderly, and it is one of the foot conditions most associated with falls. The onset of falls is associated with neuromuscular modulation of the lower extremity.

Stiffness regulates extracellular matrix synthesis in fibroblasts by DDR1-TGF-β/STAT3 mechanotransduction axis.

For a long time, research on atherosclerosis (AS) has mainly focused on endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in blood vessels. Fibroblasts, however, being the major component in adventitia, little is known about their role. Fibroblasts are highly plastic cells, capable of undergoing phenotypic changes in response to various extracellular signals.

Si-HgTe Quantum Dot Visible-Infrared Photodetector.

Silicon photodetectors are well developed, with the advantage of their low cost and easy fabrication. However, due to the semiconductor band gap limitation, their detection wavelength is limited in the visible and near-infrared ranges. To broaden the detection wavelength, we stacked a mercury telluride (HgTe) colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photodiode and a silicon PIN photodiode in series.

Effectiveness and safety of the recombinant zoster vaccine in individuals ≥50 years of age with rheumatoid arthritis: a matched cohort and self-controlled case series study.

Objectives: In an interim analysis, we evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and safety of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in adults aged ≥50 years with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: VE was assessed using a retrospective matched cohort analysis of Kaiser Permanente Southern California members aged ≥50 years with RA receiving 2 RZV doses (≥4 weeks apart) and matched up to 1:3 to RZV-unvaccinated individuals. Stratified Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and VE against HZ and PHN.

Fabrication of QLED Devices with Designable Patterns via Regulating the Carrier Transport Behavior.

The burgeoning advancements in near-eye display devices intensify attention to ultra-high-resolution display technology. Due to the outstanding properties including high color purity, low turn-on voltage, solution processability, etc., quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are among the most promising candidates for next-generation displays.

Study on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of TiC Particle-Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites Regulated by Different Rare Earth Elements.

Copper matrix composites (CMCs) synergistically reinforced with rare earth oxides (ReO) and TiC were prepared using a powder metallurgy process with vacuum hot-pressing and sintering technology, aiming to explore new ways to optimize the properties of composites. Through this innovative approach, we propose a new solution strategy and idea for the difficult problem of mutual constraints between electrical and mechanical properties faced by traditional dual-phase reinforced Cu-matrix composites. Meanwhile, the modulation mechanism of ReO in CMCs and the electrical and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.

Advances of immunosensors based on noble metal composite materials for detecting procalcitonin.

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a reliable biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring bacterial infections and sepsis. PCT exhibits good stability both in vivo and in vitro, and its levels drastically increase in response to bacterial infection or inflammatory reactions in the human body, making it a dependable indicator for sepsis diagnosis and monitoring with significant implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment guidance. Currently, immunosensors are widely utilized in PCT detection due to their high sensitivity and low detection limits.

High-Performance Quantum Dot Near-Infrared Upconversion Devices Based on the Hole-Only Injection Mechanidsm.

Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) near-infrared (NIR) upconversion devices (UCDs) can directly convert low-energy NIR light into higher energy visible light without the need for additional integrated circuits, which is advantageous for NIR sensing and imaging. However, the state-of-the-art CQD NIR upconverters still face challenges, including high turn-on voltage (), low photon-to-photon (p-p) upconversion efficiency, and low current on/off ratio, primarily due to inherent limitations in the device structure and operating mechanisms. In this work, we developed a CQD NIR UCD based on a hole-only injection mechanism.

Electrostatic MEMS Two-Dimensional Scanning Micromirrors Integrated with Piezoresistive Sensors.

The MEMS scanning micromirror requires angle sensors to provide real-time angle feedback during operation, ensuring a stable and accurate deflection of the micromirror. This paper proposes a method for integrating piezoresistive sensors on the torsion axis of electrostatic MEMS micromirrors to detect the deflection angle. The design uses a multi-layer bonding process to realize a vertical comb-driven structure.

Alantolactone mitigates the elevation of blood pressure in mice induced by angiotensin II by inhibiting calcium channel activation.

Background: The dried root of Inula helenium L., known as Inulae Radix in Mongolian medicine, is a widely used heat-clearing plant drug within the Asteraceae family. Alantolactone (ATL), a compound derived from Inulae Radix, is a sesquiterpene lactone with a range of biological activities.

Image-Based Phenotypic Profiling Enables Rapid and Accurate Assessment of EGFR-Activating Mutations in Tissues from Lung Cancer Patients.

Determining mutations in the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is critical for the effectiveness of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung cancer. Yet, DNA-based sequencing analysis of tumor samples is time-consuming and only provides gene mutation information on EGFR, making it challenging to design effective EGFR-TKI therapeutic strategies. Here, we present a new image-based method involving the rational design of a quenched probe based on EGFR-TKI to identify mutant proteins, which permits specific and "no-wash" real-time imaging of EGFR in living cells only upon covalent targeting of the EGFR kinase.

Action Potential Firing Patterns Regulate Dopamine Release via Voltage-Sensitive Dopamine D2 Autoreceptors in Mouse Striatum In Vivo.

Dopamine (DA) in the striatum is vital for motor and cognitive behaviors. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons generate both tonic and phasic action potential (AP) firing patterns in behavior mice. Besides AP numbers, whether and how different AP firing patterns per se modulate DA release remain largely unknown.

Concurrent severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus outbreaks on multiple fox farms, China, 2023.

The role of farmed animals in the viral spillover from wild animals to humans is of growing importance. Between July and September of 2023 infectious disease outbreaks were reported on six Arctic fox () farms in Shandong and Liaoning provinces, China, which lasted for 2-3 months and resulted in tens to hundreds of fatalities per farm. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) was identified in tissue/organ and swab samples from all the 13 foxes collected from these farms.

Elucidating the causal relationship between 486 genetically predicted blood metabolites and the risk of gastric cancer: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Previous epidemiological studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding the causality between blood metabolites and the risk of gastric cancer (GC). To address this shortcoming, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, combined with metabolomics techniques, to elucidate the causality between 486 genetically predicted blood metabolites and GC.

Methods: MR analysis and metabolomics techniques such as ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) technologies were employed to assess the causality of 486 genetically predicted blood metabolites on the risk of GC.

Comparative Effectiveness of Cell-Based Versus Egg-Based Influenza Vaccines in Prevention of Influenza Hospitalization During the 2022-2023 Season Among Adults 18-64 Years.

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the comparative vaccine effectiveness (cVE) of licensed standard-dose cell-based versus egg-based influenza vaccines in preventing influenza hospitalization among adults 18-64 years during the 2022-2023 season. The cohort included eligible Kaiser Permanente Southern California members who received ≥ 1 dose of influenza vaccine (n = 848,334). The adjusted cVE against influenza hospitalization was -10.

Cervical Lymph Nodes Metastasis From Non-head and Neck Primary Carcinomas: A Retrospective Analysis of 1448 Patients.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of individuals who have cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) from non-head and neck primary carcinomas.

Methods: The data of 1448 patients diagnosed with CLNM from non-head and neck primary carcinomas at the Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China, from January 2013 to December 2023 were collected. The patients' general information, imaging data, and pathological information were retrospectively analyzed.

Control of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System Fast Steering Mirror with an Input Shaping Algorithm.

Fast steering mirrors (FSMs) designed by the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology are significantly smaller in volume and mass, offering distinct advantages. To improve their performance in the open-loop control mode, this study introduces a control algorithm and evaluates its performance on an electromagnetic-driven MEMS-FSM. The algorithm employs a method to shape the input signal by fitting the system's transfer function and modifying the step response.