Modular Synthesis of -Difluorotetrahydrocarbazolone Scaffolds via Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Bromodifluoroacetyl Indoles and Olefins.

A novel and efficient modular synthesis of -difluorotetrahydrocarbazolone scaffolds via copper-catalyzed radical cascade cyclization of bromodifluoroacetyl indoles and olefins has been reported. This operationally simple protocol provides straightforward and practical access to a series of privileged -difluorotetrahydrocarbazolone scaffolds from readily available starting materials, with the feature of broad functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the method could be used for the late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules, which opens up the possibility for practical applications.

Construction of cyclobutane-fused tetracyclic skeletons substrate-dependent EnT-enabled dearomative [2+2] cycloaddition of benzofurans (benzothiophenes)/maleimides.

Herein, a novel and facile organic photosensitizer (thioxanthone)-mediated energy-transfer-enabled (EnT-enabled) dearomative [2+2] cycloaddition of aromatic heterocycles/maleimides for green synthesis of cyclobutane-fused polycyclic skeletons is reported. Mechanistic investigations revealed that different EnT pathways by triplet thioxanthone were initiated when different aromatic heterocycles participated in the reaction, giving the corresponding excited intermediates, which underwent the subsequent intermolecular [2+2] cycloaddition to access the desired highly functionalized cyclobutane-fused polycyclic skeletons.

Photomediated Hydro(deutero)acylation of Olefins by Decarboxylative Addition of α-Oxocarboxylic Acids.

Acyl radicals have been generated from the decarboxylation of α-oxocarboxylic acids by using a readily accessible organic pyrimidopteridine photoredox catalyst under ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light irradiation. These reactive acyl radicals were smoothly added to olefins such as styrenes and diverse Michael acceptors, with the assistance of HO/DO as hydrogen donors, enabling easy access to a diverse range of ketones/β-deuterio ketones. A wide range of α-oxocarboxylic acids are compatible with this reaction, which shows a reliable, atom-economical, and eco-friendly protocol.

[Effect of moxibustion combined with acupoint catgut embedding on IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of moxibustion combined with acupoint catgut embedding on the content of interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the expressions of janus activated kinase (JAK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in colonic mucosa of rats with ulcerative colitis (UC), so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of UC.

Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model, acupoint catgut embedding (ACE), moxibustion and acupoint catgut embedding combined with moxibustion (combination) groups (=6 rats in each group). The UC model was established by enema of trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid and ethanol.

[Effect of Astragali Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma compatibility combined with 5-fluorouracil on Th17/Treg balance and tumor-related mRNA and protein expression in orthotopic xenograft model mice of CT26.WT colorectal carcinoma].

Astragali Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma(AR-CR) is a combination commonly used in the clinical treatment of tumors. Based on the T helper 17(Th17)/regulatory T cell(Treg) balance, the present study explored the possible mechanism of AR-CR combined with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on the tumor growth of orthotopic xenograft model mice of colorectal carcinoma. Ninety male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into nine groups, i.

[Moxibustion combined with acupoint catgut embedding promotes recovery of injured colonic mucosa by suppressing inflammation in ulcerative colitis rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of moxibustion and acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) at "Tianshu"(ST25) "Dachangshu"(BL25) and "Shangjuxu"(ST37) on changes of body mass, stool property, histopathological conditions and expression levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC) rats, so as to reveal its anti-inflammatory mechanisms underlying improvement of UC.

Methods: SD rats were randomized into normal, model, moxibustion, ACE and moxibustion＋ACE groups (＝6 in each group). The UC model was established by enema of trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid and ethanol.

Changing patient safety culture in China: a case study of an experimental Chinese hospital from a comparative perspective.

Background: The World Health Organization highlights that patient safety interventions are not lacking but that the local context affects their successful implementation. Increasing attention is being paid to patient safety in Mainland China, yet few studies focus on patient safety in organizations with mixed cultures. This paper evaluates the current patient safety culture in an experimental Chinese hospital with a Hong Kong hospital management culture, and it aims to explore the application of Hong Kong's patient safety strategies in the context of Mainland China.