Performance of Raman Spectroscopy in biopsy tissue for rapid diagnosis of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis: a prospective study.

Tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) is a specific form of pulmonary tuberculosis characterized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis involvement in the tracheobronchial tree. Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for TBTB are crucial. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a noninvasive tool that accesses molecular vibrations and sample characteristics, enabling the creation of a molecular fingerprint of biological samples, which has enormous potential on clinical diagnosis for TBTB.

Phosphating CoMoO-Modified Hematite-Based Photoanode Enhances Surface Charge Transfer and Reaction Activity for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation.

The photoelectrochemical properties of hematite-based photoanodes are hindered by severe carrier recombination and poor reaction activity, which is a major challenge. Herein, we coupled zirconium-doped α-FeO (Zr:FeO) and phosphating cobalt molybdate electrocatalyst (P-CoMoO) to ameliorate the above difficulties. The conductivity and carrier density of hematite significantly increase by Zr doping.

ExplainMIX: Explaining Drug Response Prediction in Directed Graph Neural Networks with Multi-Omics Fusion.

The intricacies of cancer present formidable challenges in achieving effective treatments. Despite extensive research in computational methods for drug response prediction, achieving personalized treatment insights remains challenging. Emerging solutions combine multiple omics data, leveraging graph neural networks to integrate molecular interactions into the reasoning process.

Strain-Tunable Electronic Properties of 2D-B9: A Borophene Allotrope with Mechanical Flexibility.

In this work, we explore the structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of 2D-B9, a borophene allotrope with a unique bonding structure and promising potential for strain engineering. Through first-principles calculations, we investigate the material's stability, revealing a robust phonon spectrum and favorable mechanical flexibility, including isotropic behavior and a moderate Young's modulus. The electronic structure of 2D-B9 features key characteristics such as a van Hove singularity (vHS) and a Dirac cone, which can be dynamically tuned via strain.

DRExplainer: Quantifiable interpretability in drug response prediction with directed graph convolutional network.

Predicting the response of a cancer cell line to a therapeutic drug is pivotal for personalized medicine. Despite numerous deep learning methods that have been developed for drug response prediction, integrating diverse information about biological entities and predicting the directional response remain major challenges. Here, we propose a novel interpretable predictive model, DRExplainer, which leverages a directed graph convolutional network to enhance the prediction in a directed bipartite network framework.

Structural Insights into an Antiparallel Chair-Type G-Quadruplex From the Intron of NOP56 Oncogene.

G-quadruplex (G4) structures play important roles in various biological processes, especially the gene regulation. Nucleolar protein 56 (NOP56) is an essential component in ribosome biogenesis while its overexpression associates with various types of cancers, rendering it a significant therapeutic target. Here for the first time, an antiparallel chair-type G4 structure formed by a 21-nt DNA sequence from the intron 1 of NOP56 is reported, and its high-resolution structure is determined using solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Feature Selection Method for Breast Cancer Invasive Disease Event Prediction Using Imbalanced Follow-Up Data.

The machine learning-based model is a promising paradigm for predicting invasive disease events (iDEs) in breast cancer. Feature selection (FS) is an essential preprocessing technique employed to identify the pertinent features for the prediction model. However, conventional FS methods often fail with imbalanced clinical data due to the bias towards the majority class.

Accelerating Charge Transfer in Supercapacitor Electrodes through Built-In Electric Fields.

The commercial development of supercapacitors (SCs) heavily depends on a stable electrochemical performance with a long life span. However, insufficient charge transfer within the SC electrodes is a major challenge. This paper introduces an interface engineering strategy to enhance charge transfer by creating a built-in electric field (BIEF) at the interface of MXene electrode material.

Artificial intelligence-driven quantitative analysis of CT morphological differences between chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and chronic thromboembolic disease.

Background: The morphological differences in the pulmonary vascular tree between chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED) are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to use artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation technology to identify morphological markers that can be used to differentiate CTEPH from CTED using computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study with consecutive patients diagnosed with CTEPH, CTED, and control subjects at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2019 to October 2023.

Facile preparation of full-color room temperature phosphorescence metal-organic framework via covalent ligand decoration.

The preparation of full-color room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is attractive but remains challenging. Herein, it is demonstrated that heavy atom-free cyclodextrin MOFs (CD-MOFs) with full-color and long-lived intrinsic RTP can be achieved by CD ligand decoration. Arylboronic acids with various π conjugations are covalently anchored by γ-CD, in return, the B─O covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds jointly stabilize the triplet excitons of the arylboronic acid chromophores, leading to the longest lifetime of up to ca.

Polyphenols in different parts of Moringa oleifera Lam.: Composition, antioxidant and neuroprotective potential.

Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera L.

A doubly robust estimator for continuous treatments in high dimensions.

Background: Generalized propensity score (GPS) methods have become popular for estimating causal relationships between a continuous treatment and an outcome in observational studies with rich covariate information. The presence of rich covariates enhances the plausibility of the unconfoundedness assumption. Nonetheless, it is also crucial to ensure the correct specification of both marginal and conditional treatment distributions, beyond the assumption of unconfoundedness.

Development of A Caregiver-Reported Scale for Pediatric Cancer Financial Toxicity (CRS-PCFT).

Background: Financial toxicity is common among families of pediatric patients with cancer. However, the availability of survey and/or screening instruments specific to pediatric family financial toxicity is limited.

Methods: A two-round cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shandong Province, China.

Designed Synthesis of Covalent Organic Multicycles.

Covalent organic multicycles (COMs) have been designed and synthesized via the covalent assembly of rigid three-arm Y-shaped and U-shaped building blocks. These COMs have a precise tricyclic structure and exhibit remarkable solubility in a range of common solvents. Featuring well-defined cavities with electron-rich structures, these COMs displayed good adsorption capabilities for iodine in both its vapor and liquid states.

Identification and evaluation of blood transcriptional biomarker for tuberculosis screening.

Objectives: Non-sputum-based screening methods for active case finding are a priority for ending tuberculosis. We sought to identify and evaluate blood transcriptional biomarkers suitable for tuberculosis screening.

Methods: We integrated five blood RNA-seq datasets from global tuberculosis patients and identified genes that are differentially expressed between tuberculosis patients and healthy controls, using resampling and exhaustive testing.

A Gln alteration influences leaf morphogenesis by mediating gibberellin levels in tobacco.

Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for plant growth and development. While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms by which nitrate and/or ammonium regulate plant growth, little is known about whether and how amino acids regulate plant leaf development. This study demonstrates that tobacco plants with altered expression levels of an amino acid transporter (LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER1, NtLHT1, Ntab0818090) exhibit significant differences in leaf morphology.

Targeted inhibition of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway by YSV induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Tyroservatide (YSV), a bioactive tripeptide, holds potential as an anti-tumor agent. However, its specific effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of YSV on OSCC and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Corrigendum to "Epidemiology of pulmonary embolism in China, 2021: a nationwide hospital-based study", [The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, Volume 54, January 2025, 101258].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.

GMDIC: a digital image correlation measurement method based on global matching for large deformation displacement fields.

The digital image correlation method is a non-contact optical measurement method, which has the advantages of full-field measurement, simple operation, and high measurement accuracy. The traditional DIC method can accurately measure displacement and strain fields, but there are still many limitations. (i) In the measurement of large displacement deformations, the calculation accuracy of the displacement field and strain field needs to be improved due to the unreasonable setting of parameters such as subset size and step size.

Effects of combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria on seedling growth and rhizosphere microecology.

The effects of rhizosphere microorganisms on plant growth and the associated mechanisms are a focus of current research, but the effects of exogenous combined inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on seedling growth and the associated rhizosphere microecological mechanisms have been little reported. In this study, a greenhouse pot experiment was used to study the effects of single or double inoculation with AM fungi () and two PGPR ( sp., sp.

Mycobacteria Exploit Host GPR84 to Dampen Pro-Inflammatory Responses and Promote Infection in Macrophages.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the major cause of mortality and morbidity, causing approximately 1.3 million deaths annually. As a highly successful pathogen, () has evolved numerous strategies to evade host immune responses, making it essential to understand the interactions between and host cells.

CRISPR-Based Homogeneous Electrochemical Strategy for Near-Zero Background Detection of Breast Cancer Extracellular Vesicles via Fluidity-Enhanced Magnetic Capture Nanoprobe.

Precise identification and analysis of multiple protein biomarkers on the surface of breast cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BC-EVs) are of great significance for noninvasive diagnosis of the breast cancer subtypes, but it remains a major challenge owing to their high heterogeneity and low abundance. Herein, we established a CRISPR-based homogeneous electrochemical strategy for near-zero background and ultrasensitive detection of BC-EVs. To realize the high-performance capture and isolation of BC-EVs, fluidity-enhanced magnetic nanoprobes were facilely prepared.

Application of modern artificial intelligence techniques in the development of organic molecular force fields.

The molecular force field (FF) determines the accuracy of molecular dynamics (MD) and is one of the major bottlenecks that limits the application of MD in molecular design. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as machine-learning potentials (MLPs), have been rapidly reshaping the landscape of MD. Meanwhile, organic molecular systems feature unique characteristics, and require more careful treatment in both model construction, optimization, and validation.

PET/CT guided tuberculosis treatment shortening: a randomized trial.

Six months of chemotherapy using current agents is standard of care for pulmonary, drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB), even though some are believed to be cured more rapidly and others require longer therapy. Understanding what factors determine the length of treatment required for durable cure in individual patients would allow individualization of treatment durations, provide better clinical tools to determine the of appropriate duration of new regimens, as well as reduce the cost of large Phase III studies to determine the optimal combinations to use in TB control programs. We conducted a randomized clinical trial in South Africa and China that recruited 704 participants with newly diagnosed, drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis and stratified them based on radiographic disease characteristics as assessed by FDG PET/CT scan readers.