Chronic high temperature exposure, brain structure, and mental health: Cross-sectional and prospective studies.

To investigate the association between chronic high temperature exposure and brain structure and how the association influences mental health, we conducted cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies within a sample of 41,552 UK Biobank participants. Chronic temperature exposure was assessed for each participant based on their residential histories and gridded reanalysis temperature data and defined as the percentage of days with a maximum temperature exceeding 27 °C over the last 20 years. Generalized additive models and difference-in-differences approaches were used to estimate the association between chronic high temperature exposure and neuroimaging outcomes obtained via brain MRI.

Relationships between apolipoprotein E and insulin resistance in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a large-scale cross-sectional study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is commonly associated with insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidaemia. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays important roles in lipid metabolism. The study aimed to disentangle the multifactorial relationships between IR and APOE based on a large-scale population with OSA.

Novel progressive deep learning algorithm for uncovering multiple single nucleotide polymorphism interactions to predict paclitaxel clearance in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Background: The rate at which the anticancer drug paclitaxel is cleared from the body markedly impacts its dosage and chemotherapy effectiveness. Importantly, paclitaxel clearance varies among individuals, primarily because of genetic polymorphisms. This metabolic variability arises from a nonlinear process that is influenced by multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Serum Prealbumin as a Potential Predictive Factor for Age-Related Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Study.

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a complex disease associated with the interaction of multiple factors. Furthermore, indicators of liver function represent the body's metabolic, immune, and repair abilities. This study investigated correlations between liver function and ARHL.

Relative humidity, temperature, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Findings from the Project Viva cohort.

Background: Preeclampsia is a multi-system hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Prior studies disagree on the cause and even the presence of seasonal patterns in its incidence. Using unsuitable time windows for seasonal exposures can bias model results, potentially explaining these inconsistencies.

Heat exposure induced risks of preterm birth mediated by maternal hypertension.

Heat exposure is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB), with previous work suggesting that maternal blood pressure may play a role in these associations. Here we conducted a cohort study of 197,080 singleton live births across 8 provinces in China from 2015 to 2018. The study first estimated the associations between heat exposure, maternal hypertension and clinical subtypes of PTB, and then quantified the role of maternal hypertension in heat and PTB using mediation analyses.

Associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and kidney function utilizing electronic healthcare records: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 38 million people in the United States, predominantly those over 65 years of age. While CKD etiology is complex, recent research suggests associations with environmental exposures.

Methods: Our primary objective is to examine creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and diagnosis of CKD and potential associations with fine particulate matter (PM), ozone (O), and nitrogen dioxide (NO) using a random sample of North Carolina electronic healthcare records (EHRs) from 2004 to 2016.

Effect of extreme high temperature on cognitive function at different time scales: A national difference-in-differences analysis.

Background: Mounting evidence has demonstrated that high temperature was associated with adverse health outcomes, especially morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, the impact of extreme high temperature on cognitive performance, which is the fundamental capacity for interpreting one's surroundings, decision-making, and acquiring new abilities, has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods: We aimed to assess associations between extreme high temperature at different time scales and poor cognitive function.

Heat stroke-induced cerebral cortex nerve injury by mitochondrial dysfunction: A comprehensive multi-omics profiling analysis.

In recent years, global warming has led to frequent instances of extremely high temperatures during summer, arousing significant concern about the adverse effects of high temperature. Among these, heat stroke is the most serious, which has detrimental effects on the all organs of human body, especially on brain. However, the comprehensive pathogenesis leading to brain damage remains unclear.

Heat exposure intervention, anxiety level, and multi-omic profiles: A randomized crossover study.

Background: Climate change has led to the frequent occurrence of high-temperature weather, which has various adverse effects on health, ranging from blood metabolism to systemic organ function. In particular, the sequelae of heat stress injury in most people are related to the nervous system. However, the mechanisms between heat stress and mental health conditions, especially heat stress and anxiety, remain unclear.

The joint effect and hemodynamic mechanism of PA and PM exposure on cognitive function: A randomized controlled trial study.

Background: While PM has been shown to impair cognitive function, physical activity (PA) is known to enhance it. Nonetheless, considering the increased inhalation of PM during exercise, the potential of PA to counteract the detrimental effects of PM, along with the underlying hemodynamic mechanisms, remains uncertain.

Methods: We conducted a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial among healthy young adults in Beijing, China.

Climate Penalty on Air Pollution Abated by Anthropogenic Emission Reductions in the United States.

Climate change poses direct and indirect threats to public health, including exacerbating air pollution. However, how a warmer temperature deteriorates air quality, known as the "climate penalty" effect, remains highly uncertain in the United States, particularly under rapid reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Here we examined the sensitivity of surface-level fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O) to summer temperature anomalies in the contiguous US and their decadal changes using high-resolution datasets generated by machine learning models.

Leisure-time physical activity mitigated the cognitive effect of PM and PM components exposure: Evidence from a nationwide longitudinal study.

Background: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) impairs cognition, while physical activity (PA) improves cognitive function. However, whether taking PA with PM exposure is still beneficial to cognition remains unknown.

Methods: We utilized national representative longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Study (CFPS), comprising a total sample of 108,099 from 2010 to 2018 in three waves.

The effect of exercise on cerebral blood flow and executive function among young adults: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Studies have demonstrated that exercise benefits executive function. However, it remains unclear which type of exercise is optimal for preserving executive function among young adults and the cerebral blood flow (CBF) mechanisms that underlie exercise-induced cognitive benefits. Therefore, this study aims to compare the intervention effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on executive function and the CBF mechanism.

Anthropometric Determinants of Autonomic Control in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Large-Scale Study.

Objective: Autonomic dysfunction is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are associated with heart rate variability (HRV) (a hall marker of sympathetic arousal) and increased risk of CVD. This study aims to investigate whether anthropometric parameters could predict reduced HRV in adult OSA during wakefulness.

Comparing the cost-effectiveness of sintilimab + pemetrexed plus platinum and pemetrexed plus platinum alone as a first-line therapy for Chinese patients with nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Pemetrexed plus platinum alone is the conventional first-line therapy for locally advanced metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without targetable genetic aberrations. The ORIENT-11 trial revealed that sintilimab + pemetrexed plus platinum could yield more survival benefits for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC. The present study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of sintilimab + pemetrexed plus platinum that of pemetrexed plus platinum alone as the first-line therapy for patients with nonsquamous NSCLC to inform clinically rational drug use and provide a basis for medical decision-making.

Associations between long-term fine particulate matter exposure and hospital procedures in heart failure patients.

Background: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) contributes to global morbidity and mortality. One way to understand the health effects of PM2.

Intermediate and long-term exposure to air pollution and temperature and the extracellular microRNA profile of participants in the normative aging study (NAS).

Background: The molecular effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to air pollution and temperature, such as those on extracellular microRNA (ex-miRNA) are not well understood but may have clinical consequences.

Objectives: To assess the association between exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature and ex-miRNA profiles.

Methods: Our study population consisted of 734 participants in the Normative Aging Study (NAS) between 1999 and 2015.

Associations between short-term exposure to PM, NO and O pollution and kidney-related conditions and the role of temperature-adjustment specification: A case-crossover study in New York state.

Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between air pollution and kidney disease remains inconclusive. We evaluated associations between short-term exposure to PM, NO and O and unplanned hospital visits for seven kidney-related conditions (acute kidney failure [AKF], urolithiasis, glomerular diseases [GD], renal tubulo-interstitial diseases, chronic kidney disease, dysnatremia, and volume depletion; n = 1,209,934) in New York State (2007-2016). We applied a case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression, controlling for temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation.

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: The mitigation role of environmental concerns.

Although it is widely acknowledged that environmental concerns can reduce PM pollution, few studies have empirically estimated whether environmental concerns could bring health benefits by mitigating PM pollution. Here, we quantified government and media environmental concerns with text-mining algorithm, matched with cohort data along with high-resolution gridded PM data. Accelerated failure time model and mediation model were used to explore the association between PM exposure and onset time to cardiovascular events, and the mitigation effect of environmental concerns.

Long-term air pollution exposure and incident stroke in American older adults: A national cohort study.

Aims: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability for Americans, and growing evidence suggests that air pollution may play an important role. To facilitate pollution control efforts, the National Academy of Sciences and the World Health Organization have prioritized determining which air pollutants are most toxic. However, evidence is limited for the simultaneous effects of multiple air pollutants on stroke.

Long-term air pollution exposure and diabetes risk in American older adults: A national secondary data-based cohort study.

Type 2 diabetes is a major public health concern. Several studies have found an increased diabetes risk associated with long-term air pollution exposure. However, most current studies are limited in their generalizability, exposure assessment, or the ability to differentiate incidence and prevalence cases.