Effect of glucose selenol on hepatic lipid metabolism disorder induced by heavy metal cadmium in male rats.

This study used 24 male rats to determine the protective effects of a new selenium molecule (glucose selenol) on cadmium (Cd) induced hepatic toxicity. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, Cd group, Cd + 0.15 Se group, and Cd + 0.

Transovarial transmission of Yersinia pestis in its flea vector Xenopsylla cheopis.

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is endemic in certain regions due to a stable transmission cycle between rodents and their associated fleas. In addition, fleas are believed to serve as reservoirs that can occasionally cause enzootic plague cycles and explosive epizootic outbreaks that increase human exposure. However, transmission by fleas is inefficient and associated with a shortened lifespan of the flea and rodent hosts, indicating that there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the vector-animal cycle of Y.

The protective effect of glucose selenol on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in male rat.

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of glucose selenol on cadmium (Cd)-induced testicular toxicity. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups. Cd was administered orally at a dose of 40 mg/L or in combination with orally administered glucose selenol at doses of 0.

Rice CHD3/Mi-2 chromatin remodeling factor RFS regulates vascular development and root formation by modulating the transcription of auxin-related genes NAL1 and OsPIN1.

The vascular system in plants facilitates long-distance transportation of water and nutrients through the xylem and phloem, while also providing mechanical support for vertical growth. Although many genes that regulate vascular development in rice have been identified, the mechanism by which epigenetic regulators control vascular development remains unclear. This study found that Rolled Fine Striped (RFS), a Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding 3 (CHD3)/Mi-2 subfamily protein, regulates vascular development in rice by affecting the initiation and development of primordia.

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the molecular responses of Pardosa pseudoannulata to hypoxic environments.

Terrestrial organisms are likely to face hypoxic stress during natural disasters such as floods or landslides, which can lead to inevitable hypoxic conditions for those commonly residing within soil. Pardosa pseudoannulata often inhabits soil crevices and has been extensively studied, yet research on its response to hypoxic stress remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the adaptive strategies of Pardosa pseudoannulata under hypoxic stress using metabolomics and transcriptomics approaches.

Polyubiquitylated rice stripe virus NS3 translocates to the nucleus to promote cytosolic virus replication via miRNA-induced fibrillin 2 upregulation.

Viruses are encapsidated mobile genetic elements that rely on host cells for replication. Several cytoplasmic RNA viruses synthesize proteins and/or RNAs that translocate to infected cell nuclei. However, the underlying mechanisms and role(s) of cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking are unclear.

G-quadruplex is involved in the regulation of BmSGF1 expression in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Advanced DNA structures, such as the G-quadruplex (G4) and the i-motif, are widely but not randomly present in the genomes of many organisms. A G4 structure was identified in the promoter of the silk gland factor-1 gene (SGF1), which is the main regulatory gene for silk production in Bombyx mori. In this study, a BmSGF1 G4 homozygous mutant was generated with the G4 sequence knocked out.

The intricate relationship of G-Quadruplexes and bacterial pathogenicity islands.

The dynamic interplay between guanine-quadruplex (G4) structures and pathogenicity islands (PAIs) represents a captivating area of research with implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenicity. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of a large-scale dataset from reported 89 pathogenic strains of bacteria to investigate the potential interactions between G4 structures and PAIs. G4 structures exhibited an uneven and non-random distribution within the PAIs and were consistently conserved within the same pathogenic strains.

Transovarial transmission of Yersinia pestis in its flea vector, Xenopsylla cheopis.

is the causative agent of bubonic plague, a deadly flea-borne disease responsible for three historic pandemics. Today annual cases of human disease occur worldwide following exposure to . infected fleas that can be found within the rodent population where plague activity cycles between epizootic outbreaks and extended periods of apparent quiescence.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the white gene in an ectoparasitic wasp, Habrobracon hebetor.

Background: The ectoparasitic wasp Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) can parasitize various species of lepidopteran pests. To maximize its potential for biological control, it is necessary to investigate its gene function through genome engineering.

Results: To test the effectiveness of genome engineering system in H.

Neuropeptide hormone bursicon mediates female reproduction in the whitefly, (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).

Bursicon, a neuropeptide hormone comprising two subunits-bursicon (burs) and partner of burs (pburs), belongs to the cystine-knot protein family. Bursicon heterodimers and homodimers bind to the lucine-rich G-protein coupled receptor (LGR) encoded by s to regulate multiple physiological processes in arthropods. Notably, these processes encompass the regulation of female reproduction, a recent revelation in .

Identification, structural modeling, gene expression analysis and RNAi effect of putative phospholipase A in the lone star tick Amblyomma americanum.

Amblyomma americanum, also known as the lone star tick, is a small arachnid that feeds on blood and can spread disease to humans and other animals. Despite the overlapped ecological niche, geographic distribution, and host selection, there is no proof that A. americanum transmits the pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi that causes Lyme disease.

Identification and characterization of ecdysis-related neuropeptides in the lone star tick .

Introduction: The lone star tick, , is an important ectoparasite known for transmitting diseases to humans and animals. Ecdysis-related neuropeptides (ERNs) control behaviors crucial for arthropods to shed exoskeletons. However, ERN identification and characterization in remain incomplete.

Functional analysis of a NPC1 gene from the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).

Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease is a neurodegenerative disorder related to cellular sterol trafficking and mutation of NPC1 gene is the main cause for this disease. The function of NPC1 have been reported in a few insects but rarely studied in hemipterans. In the present study, we investigate the function of NPC1 in a hemipteran pest, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.

Integrative analysis highlights molecular and immune responses of tick to challenge.

Ticks are ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens capable of causing life-threatening illnesses in people and animals, making them a severe public health threat. Understanding how ticks respond to bacterial infection is crucial for deciphering their immune defense mechanisms and identifying potential targets for controlling tick-borne diseases. In this study, an in-depth transcriptome analysis was used to investigate the molecular and immune responses of to infection caused by the microinjection of .

Partner of neuropeptide bursicon homodimer pburs mediates a novel antimicrobial peptide Ten3LP via Dif/Dorsal2 in Tribolium castaneum.

Bursicon is a cystine knot family neuropeptide, composed of two subunits, bursicon (burs) and partner of burs (pburs). The subunits can form heterodimers to regulate cuticle tanning and wing maturation and homodimers to signal different biological functions in innate immunity, midgut stem cell proliferation and energy homeostasis, and reproductive physiology in the model insects Drosophila melanogaster or Tribolium castaneum. Here, we report on the role of the pburs homodimer in signaling innate immunity in T.

Functional Analysis of a CTL-X-Type Lectin CTL16 in Development and Innate Immunity of .

C-type lectins (CTLs) are a class of proteins containing carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), which are characteristic modules that recognize various glycoconjugates and function primarily in immunity. CTLs have been reported to affect growth and development and positively regulate innate immunity in . However, the regulatory mechanisms of TcCTL16 proteins are still unclear.

Multi-Omic Identification of Venom Proteins Collected from Artificial Hosts of a Parasitoid Wasp.

is a parasitoid wasp capable of infesting many lepidopteran larvae. It uses venom proteins to immobilize host larvae and prevent host larval development, thus playing an important role in the biocontrol of lepidopteran pests. To identify and characterize its venom proteins, we developed a novel venom collection method using an artificial host (ACV), i.

TGF-β Type II Receptor Punt Suppresses Antimicrobial Peptide Expression and Influences Development in .

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily in insects regulated various physiological events, including immune response, growth and development, and metamorphosis. This complex network of signaling pathways involves conserved cell-surface receptors and signaling co-receptors that allow for precisely coordinated cellular events. However, the roles of TGF-β receptors, particularly the type II receptor Punt, in mediating the innate immunity in insects remains unclear.

Novel miR-108 and miR-234 target juvenile hormone esterase to regulate the response of Plutella xylostella to Cry1Ac protoxin.

Insect hormones, such as juvenile hormone (JH), precisely regulate insect life-history traits. The regulation of JH is tightly associated with the tolerance or resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). JH esterase (JHE) is a primary JH-specific metabolic enzyme which plays a key role in regulating JH titer.

The TGF-β Receptor Gene Influences Larval-Pupal-Adult Development in .

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily encodes a large group of proteins, including TGF-β isoforms, bone morphogenetic proteins and activins that act through conserved cell-surface receptors and signaling co-receptors. TGF-β signaling in insects controls physiological events, including growth, development, diapause, caste determination and metamorphosis. In this study, we used the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, as a model species to investigate the role of the type I TGF-β receptor, saxophone (Sax), in mediating development.